Kruaweangmol Pongsakorn, Ekchaweng Kitiya, Morakul Sumallika, Phaonakrop Narumon, Roytrakul Sittiruk, Tunsagool Paiboon
Special Research Incubator Unit of Fermentomics, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, 15 Kanjanavanich Road, Kho Hong, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
Tree Physiol. 2025 Feb 3;45(2). doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpaf010.
Phytophthora palmivora, an oomycete pathogen, induces leaf fall disease in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), causing significant economic losses. Effective disease management requires an understanding metabolic dynamics during infection. This study employed untargeted metabolomic and proteomic analyses to investigate the response of rubber seedling leaves to P. palmivora infection. Metabolomic profiling revealed 1702 and 979 metabolite peaks in positive and negative ionization modes, respectively, with 212 metabolites identified after duplicate removal. Principal component analysis demonstrated distinct metabolic profiles between infected and non-infected leaves. Volcano plots indicated significant changes in 90 metabolites (P < 0.05, fold-change ≥ 2), with 20 showing increased levels and 70 showing decreased levels in infected leaves. Pathway analysis highlighted nine metabolic pathways, with alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism being the most impacted. Proteomic analysis identified 391 proteins, with 283 in infected leaves and 253 in control leaves. Among these, 145 were common to both conditions, suggesting their roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to stress. Unique proteins in infected leaves were linked to oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis and metabolic adjustments, reflecting the increased energy demands. Control samples showed proteins related to growth and photosynthesis. Integrating metabolomic and proteomic data revealed significant alterations in energy metabolism pathways in response to infection. These findings enhance our understanding of rubber seedlings' defense strategies against P. palmivora, with implications for improving plant resistance and disease management strategies.
棕榈疫霉是一种卵菌病原体，可引发橡胶树（巴西橡胶树）的落叶病，造成重大经济损失。有效的病害管理需要了解感染过程中的代谢动态。本研究采用非靶向代谢组学和蛋白质组学分析方法，研究橡胶幼苗叶片对棕榈疫霉感染的反应。代谢组学分析分别在正离子和负离子模式下揭示了1702个和979个代谢物峰，去除重复项后鉴定出212种代谢物。主成分分析表明，感染叶片和未感染叶片之间存在明显的代谢谱差异。火山图显示90种代谢物有显著变化（P < 0.05，变化倍数≥2），其中20种在感染叶片中水平升高，70种在感染叶片中水平降低。通路分析突出了九条代谢通路，丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢受到的影响最大。蛋白质组学分析鉴定出391种蛋白质，感染叶片中有283种，对照叶片中有253种。其中，145种在两种情况下都有，表明它们在维持体内平衡和应对压力方面的作用。感染叶片中的独特蛋白质与氧化磷酸化、ATP合成和代谢调节有关，反映了能量需求的增加。对照样品显示出与生长和光合作用相关的蛋白质。整合代谢组学和蛋白质组学数据发现，能量代谢通路因感染而发生显著改变。这些发现增进了我们对橡胶幼苗抵御棕榈疫霉防御策略的理解，对提高植物抗性和病害管理策略具有重要意义。
