Choi Wooram, Kim Hyun Soo, Kim Donghyun, Hong Yong Deog, Kim Hyoung-June, Kim Ji Hye, Kim Jong-Hoon, Cho Jae Youl
Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence of SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
J Ginseng Res. 2025 Jan;49(1):22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.08.003. Epub 2024 Aug 25.
Ginseng is processed into several types such as white ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng, according to the processing methods such as drying, steaming, and heating. These processing conditions can change the portion of the useful ingredients. Recently, new processing method was established to develop 'lymphanax', an aged fresh white ginseng prepared under anaerobic condition. This aging process was revealed to increase the content of gypenoside 17 (Gyp17) as well as ginsenoside Re, known to have anti-inflammatory effects. As the next step, therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax using its ethanol extract of lymphanax (Lymphanax-EE).
LC-MS/MS identified the ginsenoside content of lymphanax-EE. A nitric oxide (NO) assay revealed the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax-EE. Pro-inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Finally, we identified the underlying mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of lymphanax-EE through luciferase analysis, Western blotting, and CETSA.
The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed lymphanax-EE to contain more protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, and Gyp17 than fresh ginseng. Lymphanax-EE (0-200 μg/ml) suppressed NO release and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, lymphanax-EE (200 μg/ml) reduced the activity of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB signal proteins such as p65, p50, IκBα, and IKKα/β. Finally, lymphanax-EE (200 μg/ml) decreased the phosphorylation of IKKα/β induced by AKT overexpression. Among the components of lymphanax-EE, ginsenoside Re and Gyp17 were found to suppress AKT1 activity.
Lymphanax-EE-containing ginsenosides and Gyp17 with anti-inflammatory properties suppressed LPS-induced inflammation by reducing the NF-κB signal.
人参根据干燥、蒸煮和加热等加工方法被加工成几种类型，如白参、红参和黑参。这些加工条件会改变有效成分的比例。最近，一种新的加工方法被建立起来以开发“lymphanax”，一种在厌氧条件下制备的陈年鲜白参。据揭示，这种老化过程会增加绞股蓝皂苷17（Gyp17）以及已知具有抗炎作用的人参皂苷Re的含量。因此，作为下一步，我们旨在使用lymphanax的乙醇提取物（Lymphanax-EE）来研究lymphanax的抗炎活性。
液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）鉴定了Lymphanax-EE中的人参皂苷含量。一氧化氮（NO）测定揭示了Lymphanax-EE的抗炎活性。通过定量PCR分析促炎基因表达。最后，我们通过荧光素酶分析、蛋白质印迹法和热蛋白质组分析（CETSA）确定了Lymphanax-EE抗炎活性的潜在机制。
LC-MS/MS分析表明，Lymphanax-EE比鲜人参含有更多的原人参三醇型人参皂苷和Gyp17。Lymphanax-EE（0 - 200μg/ml）抑制了脂多糖（LPS）处理的RAW264.7细胞中NO的释放以及诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和环氧化酶-2（COX-2）等促炎细胞因子的mRNA水平。此外，Lymphanax-EE（200μg/ml）降低了核因子κB（NF-κB）的活性以及NF-κB信号蛋白如p65、p50、IκBα和IKKα/β的磷酸化。最后，Lymphanax-EE（200μg/ml）降低了由AKT过表达诱导的IKKα/β的磷酸化。在Lymphanax-EE的成分中，发现人参皂苷Re和Gyp17抑制AKT1活性。
含有具有抗炎特性的人参皂苷和Gyp17的Lymphanax-EE通过降低NF-κB信号来抑制LPS诱导的炎症。
