Hoseini Seyyed Ali, Vazifedoost Mohsen, Hajirostamloo Bahareh, Didar Zohreh, Nematshahi Mohamad Mehdi
Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
Heliyon. 2025 Jan 6;11(2):e41746. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41746. eCollection 2025 Jan 30.
Supercritical CO modified by polar solvents can extract a wide variety of polar and non-polar chemical components compared to conventional methods. The current study aims to extract Rivas (Rheum ribes) flower using the ethanol modified supercritical CO (SCO-EOH) method; analyze its chemical compounds and bioactivity, encapsulate the extract in maltodextrin, gum-Arabic (GA), and their combination (GA + MD) using the spray drying method and investigate the differences among microparticles using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The Rivas extract obtained by the SCO-EOH method was a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids (mainly linoleic acid: 57.58 %), phytosterols (mainly sitosterol: 197.02 and campesterol: 144.47 mg/100g), terpenoids (mainly camphor: 17.52 %; and 1,8-cineol: 10.91 %) and phenolics (mainly m-coumaric acid: 48.22; luteolin: 38.07 and gallic acid: 26.25 mg/g). The yield of Rivas extract was 1.62 ± 0.27 %. The extract bioactivity was as follows: antioxidant activity of 89.6 ± 1.39 %; total phenolic content of 306.19 ± 13.59 mg GAE/g; total flavonoid content of179.84 ± 5.77 mg QE/g and a comparable antimicrobial effect to synthetic antimicrobials against , , and . The encapsulation efficiency of microparticles was 90.53 % for MD to 93.23 % for GA + MD (P < 0.05). The microparticles had irregular semi-spherical shapes with wrinkled surfaces. According to the PCA, MD showed the best solubility and the lowest price, making it a cost-effective ingredient to improve the nutritional-value of food formulations. If the stability of bioactive compounds is more important, GA + MD will be the best choice.
与传统方法相比，经极性溶剂改性的超临界CO₂能够提取多种极性和非极性化学成分。本研究旨在采用乙醇改性超临界CO₂（SCO-EOH）法提取里瓦斯（Rheum ribes）花；分析其化学成分和生物活性，使用喷雾干燥法将提取物包封在麦芽糊精、阿拉伯胶（GA）及其组合（GA + MD）中，并通过主成分分析（PCA）研究微粒之间的差异。通过SCO-EOH法获得的里瓦斯提取物富含不饱和脂肪酸（主要是亚油酸：57.58%）、植物甾醇（主要是谷甾醇：197.02和菜油甾醇：144.47mg/100g）、萜类化合物（主要是樟脑：17.52%；和1,8-桉叶素：10.91%）以及酚类物质（主要是间香豆酸：48.22；木犀草素：38.07和没食子酸：26.25mg/g）。里瓦斯提取物的得率为1.62±0.27%。提取物的生物活性如下：抗氧化活性为89.6±1.39%；总酚含量为306.19±13.59mg GAE/g；总黄酮含量为179.84±5.77mg QE/g，并且对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌具有与合成抗菌剂相当的抗菌效果。微粒的包封效率对于MD为90.53%，对于GA + MD为93.23%（P < 0.05）。微粒呈不规则的半球形，表面有褶皱。根据PCA分析，MD表现出最佳的溶解性和最低的价格，使其成为提高食品配方营养价值的具有成本效益的成分。如果生物活性化合物的稳定性更重要，GA + MD将是最佳选择。
