Chi Chih-Wen, Chung Tze-Wen, Wu Yi-Sheng, Chen Weng-Pin, Lin Chun-Pin
Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Dent Sci. 2025 Jan;20(1):61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.10.016. Epub 2024 Oct 24.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Dental implants can restore both function and aesthetics in edentulous areas. However, the absence of cushioning mechanical behavior in implants may limit their clinical performance and reduce the long-term survival rates. This study aimed to establish an implant cushion mechanism that mimicked the natural periodontal ligament, utilizing the properties of composite hydrogels.
In this study, we synthesized two composite hydrogels (HS and HSP groups) using hyaluronic acid (HA) and silk fibroin. We conducted static-constrained compression, creep, and porosity tests to assess the physical properties of these composite hydrogels. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to examine the effects of different thicknesses, permeabilities, and compression coefficients on the deformation of the hydrogels. The composite hydrogels were then applied within a novel dental implant, and the displacement performance of the implants, along with stress distribution on the alveolar bone, was evaluated using FEA.
Regarding the mechanical performance of the composite hydrogels, increased permeability led to quicker displacement under compression. Thicker hydrogels with larger compression moduli influenced the biphasic behavior and deformation. The novel dental implants demonstrated biphasic sinking behavior under loading and rapid repositioning during unloading. When evaluating stress distribution on the alveolar bone under oblique loading, the HS and HSP implant groups showed a stress reduction of 10.3 % and 13.6 %, respectively, compared to commercial implant groups.
This study highlights that the biphasic nature of solid and liquid phases is crucial when incorporating a cushioning mechanism into implants to replicate the characteristics of the periodontal ligament.
背景/目的：牙种植体可恢复无牙区的功能和美观。然而，种植体缺乏缓冲力学行为可能会限制其临床性能并降低长期存活率。本研究旨在利用复合水凝胶的特性建立一种模拟天然牙周韧带的种植体缓冲机制。
在本研究中，我们使用透明质酸（HA）和丝素蛋白合成了两种复合水凝胶（HS组和HSP组）。我们进行了静态约束压缩、蠕变和孔隙率测试，以评估这些复合水凝胶的物理性能。采用有限元分析（FEA）来研究不同厚度、渗透率和压缩系数对水凝胶变形的影响。然后将复合水凝胶应用于新型牙种植体中，并使用FEA评估种植体的位移性能以及牙槽骨上的应力分布。
关于复合水凝胶的力学性能，渗透率增加导致压缩下的位移更快。具有较大压缩模量的较厚水凝胶影响了双相行为和变形。新型牙种植体在加载时表现出双相下沉行为，卸载时快速复位。在评估斜向加载下牙槽骨的应力分布时，与商业种植体组相比，HS和HSP种植体组的应力分别降低了10.3%和13.6%。
本研究强调，在将缓冲机制纳入种植体以复制牙周韧带的特性时，固液相的双相性质至关重要。
