Damtie Yitayish, Dachew Berihun Assefa, Ayano Getinet, Tadesse Abay Woday, Betts Kim, Alati Rosa
School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025 Jan 28. doi: 10.1007/s00787-025-02645-5.
Mixed results have been reported regarding the link between different types of maternal diabetes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore these associations. Relevant studies on the subject were retrieved from six major databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsychINFO. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity between studies. In total, seventeen observational studies (five case-control and twelve cohort studies) with 18,063,336 study participants were included in the final analysis. Our random-effects meta-analysis revealed that exposure to any form of maternal diabetes was associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children. Specifically, we observed a heightened risk of ADHD in children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus, any pre-existing diabetes, pre-existing type 1 diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study suggests that children exposed to diabetes during prenatal development are at a higher risk of developing ADHD. These findings underscore the critical importance of early screening and timely interventions for exposed offspring.
关于不同类型的母体糖尿病与后代注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）之间的联系，已有混合的研究结果报道。因此，我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以探究这些关联。从六个主要数据库检索了关于该主题的相关研究，包括PubMed、Medline、Embase、Scopus、CINAHL和PsychINFO。使用纽卡斯尔 - 渥太华量表评估纳入研究的方法学质量，并使用I2统计量评估研究间的异质性。进行亚组分析、敏感性分析和荟萃回归分析，以确定研究间异质性的来源。最终分析共纳入了17项观察性研究（5项病例对照研究和12项队列研究），研究参与者达18,063,336人。我们的随机效应荟萃分析显示，暴露于任何形式的母体糖尿病与儿童患ADHD的风险增加相关。具体而言，我们观察到暴露于妊娠期糖尿病、任何既往存在的糖尿病、既往存在的1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的儿童患ADHD的风险更高。我们的研究表明，产前发育期间暴露于糖尿病的儿童患ADHD的风险更高。这些发现强调了对暴露后代进行早期筛查和及时干预的至关重要性。
