Kurniawan Angelita Victoria, Amtha Rahmi, Gunardi Indrayadi, Heriandi Alyah, Sari Elizabeth Fitriana
Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2025 Jan 1;26(1):309-318. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.1.309.
To compare the salivary profiles of smokers (e-cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and former conventional cigarette smokers, dual users, and conventional cigarette smokers) and non-smokers in adolescents, focusing on acidity level, flow rate, viscosity, as well as the quantity of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans.
This analytical observational study, with a cross-sectional design, involves collecting saliva samples from five groups through the draining method. Saliva viscosity was assessed visually, while saliva flow rate was monitored over a ten-minute period. Quantification of bacterial presence was performed using qPCR, and salivary acidity was determined using a digital pH meter. Chi square and t-test were used to analyze the data.
The total of 390 subjects (smokers n=195; non-smokers n=195), aged 17-25 years, participated in the study. Dual smokers exhibited a notable decrease in salivary pH (p=0.039) compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, significant reductions in flow rate (p<0.001) were observed across the five groups, however, no significant differences were found in saliva viscosity (p=0.070). When considering the four groups excluding conventional cigarette smokers, significant differences were observed in the quantity of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p=0.010) and Candida albicans (p=0.005). Conversely, the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans did not exhibit a significant difference (p=0.635).
The study demonstrates that salivary pH, flow rate, and quantity of P. gingivalis as well as C. albicans are significantly different among the five groups.
比较青少年吸烟者（电子烟吸烟者、电子烟和既往传统香烟吸烟者、双重使用者以及传统香烟吸烟者）与非吸烟者的唾液特征，重点关注酸度水平、流速、粘度以及变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和白色念珠菌的数量。
本分析性观察研究采用横断面设计，通过引流法从五组收集唾液样本。唾液粘度通过视觉评估，唾液流速在十分钟内进行监测。使用qPCR对细菌存在情况进行定量，使用数字pH计测定唾液酸度。采用卡方检验和t检验分析数据。
共有390名年龄在17 - 25岁的受试者（吸烟者n = 195；非吸烟者n = 195）参与了该研究。与非吸烟者相比，双重吸烟者的唾液pH值显著降低（p = 0.039）。此外，五组受试者的流速均显著降低（p < 0.001），然而，唾液粘度未发现显著差异（p = 0.070）。在排除传统香烟吸烟者的四组中，牙龈卟啉单胞菌（p = 0.010）和白色念珠菌（p = 0.005）的数量存在显著差异。相反，变形链球菌的患病率没有显著差异（p = 0.635）。
该研究表明，五组之间的唾液pH值、流速以及牙龈卟啉单胞菌和白色念珠菌的数量存在显著差异。
