Mulhall A
Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1985;8(1):1-8. doi: 10.1159/000457016.
The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin (19 babies), benzylpenicillin (7 babies), mecillinam (15 babies), cefuroxime (15 babies), ceftriaxone (37 babies), and latamoxef (27 babies) were compared following intravenous or intramuscular administration in the neonate. The effect of oral or intravenous administration of chloramphenicol was examined in 47 babies. The pharmacokinetics following either intravenous or intramuscular administration were essentially the same. Cmax was equivalent after both routes except for gentamicin (Cmax higher following intravenous administration) and latamoxef (Cmax lower following intravenous administration). Although Tmax ranged between 0.4 and 1.5 h therapeutically effective serum concentrations were attained within 15 min of intramuscular administration of all antibiotics. Clinical rather than pharmacokinetic considerations should therefore dictate which route should be used. Oral administration of chloramphenicol resulted in significantly lower steady-state serum concentrations and therefore this route should be avoided in the young premature neonate.
在新生儿中，比较了庆大霉素（19例婴儿）、苄青霉素（7例婴儿）、美西林（15例婴儿）、头孢呋辛（15例婴儿）、头孢曲松（37例婴儿）和拉氧头孢（27例婴儿）静脉或肌肉注射后的药代动力学。对47例婴儿研究了口服或静脉注射氯霉素的效果。静脉或肌肉注射后的药代动力学基本相同。除庆大霉素（静脉注射后Cmax较高）和拉氧头孢（静脉注射后Cmax较低）外，两种给药途径后的Cmax相当。尽管Tmax在0.4至1.5小时之间，但所有抗生素肌肉注射后15分钟内均可达到治疗有效血清浓度。因此，应根据临床而非药代动力学考虑来决定使用哪种给药途径。口服氯霉素导致稳态血清浓度显著降低，因此在早产新生儿中应避免使用此给药途径。
