Li Zuhao, Ren Kaixuan, Chen Jiajia, Zhuang Yaling, Dong Shujun, Wang Jincheng, Liu He, Ding Jianxun
Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 4026 Yatai Street, Changchun 130041, China.
Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China; Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
J Control Release. 2025 Apr 10;380:686-714. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.01.061. Epub 2025 Feb 17.
Bone defects caused by osteoporosis, infection, diabetes, post-tumor resection, and nonunion often cause severe pain and markedly increase morbidity and mortality, which remain a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The precise local treatments for these pathological complications are essential to avoid poor or failed bone repair. Hydrogel formulations serve as injectable innovative platforms that overcome microenvironmental obstacles and as delivery systems for controlled release of various bioactive substances to bone defects in a targeted manner. Additionally, hydrogel formulations can be tailored for specific mechanical strengths and degradation profiles by adjusting their physical and chemical properties, which are crucial for prolonged drug retention and effective bone repair. This review summarizes recent advances in bioactive hydrogel formulations as three-dimensional scaffolds that support cell proliferation and differentiation. It also highlights their role as smart drug-delivery systems with capable of continuously releasing antibacterial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and osteogenesis-related factors to enhance bone regeneration in pathological areas. Furthermore, the limitations of hydrogel formulations in pathological bone repair are discussed, and future development directions are proposed, which is expected to pave the way for the repair of pathological bone defects.
由骨质疏松症、感染、糖尿病、肿瘤切除术后以及骨不连引起的骨缺损常常导致剧痛，并显著增加发病率和死亡率，这仍然是骨科医生面临的重大挑战。针对这些病理并发症进行精确的局部治疗对于避免骨修复不良或失败至关重要。水凝胶制剂作为可注射的创新平台，能够克服微环境障碍，并作为将各种生物活性物质靶向控释至骨缺损部位的递送系统。此外，通过调节其物理和化学性质，水凝胶制剂可以针对特定的机械强度和降解特性进行定制，这对于延长药物滞留时间和有效骨修复至关重要。本综述总结了生物活性水凝胶制剂作为支持细胞增殖和分化的三维支架的最新进展。它还强调了它们作为智能药物递送系统的作用，能够持续释放抗菌剂、抗炎药、化疗药物和成骨相关因子，以促进病理区域的骨再生。此外，还讨论了水凝胶制剂在病理性骨修复中的局限性，并提出了未来的发展方向，有望为病理性骨缺损的修复铺平道路。
