Tripathi Animesh, Jaiswal Anjali, Kumar Dinesh, Pandit Ramesh, Blake Damer, Tomley Fiona, Joshi Madhvi, Joshi Chaitanya G, Dubey Suresh Kumar
Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2025 Mar;65(3):107452. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2025.107452. Epub 2025 Jan 27.
Global demand for food has driven expansion and intensification of livestock production, particularly in developing nations where antibiotic use is often routine. Waste from poultry production, including manure, is commonly utilized as fertilizers in agroecosystems, risking environmental contamination with potentially zoonotic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).
Here, 33 bacterial isolates were recovered from broiler (n = 17) and layer (n = 16) chicken manure by aerobic culture using Luria Bertani agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disc diffusion method. MALDI-ToF and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to identify and compare a subset of antibiotic-resistant isolates (n = 13). Comparison of whole genome sequence assemblies and phenotypic assays were used to assess capacity for biofilm formation, heavy metal tolerance and virulence.
AST by disc diffusion revealed all isolates were resistant to a minimum of three antibiotics, with resistance to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, streptomycin, rifampicin and/or chloramphenicol detected. Stutzerimonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp. were the common genera observed in this study. Genome sequencing of each selected isolate revealed carriage of multiple ARGs capable of conferring resistance to many antimicrobials commonly employed in poultry production and human medicine, including tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, sulfonamide and cephalosporins.
The high occurrence of ARGs in studied bacterial isolates confirms that poultry manure could act as a source of genetic material that could be transferred to commensal microbiota and opportunistic pathogens of humans. Understanding the complex resistome interplay between humans, animals, and the environment requires a One Health approach, with implications for agricultural settings and public health.
全球粮食需求推动了畜牧业生产的扩张和集约化，尤其是在抗生素使用通常很普遍的发展中国家。家禽生产产生的废弃物，包括粪便，通常被用作农业生态系统中的肥料，这有可能导致环境受到潜在人畜共患病细菌和抗菌抗性基因（ARG）的污染。
在这里，通过使用Luria Bertani琼脂进行需氧培养，从肉鸡（n = 17）和蛋鸡（n = 16）的粪便中分离出33株细菌。使用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验（AST）。采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-ToF）和16S rRNA测序对一部分抗生素抗性分离株（n = 13）进行鉴定和比较。通过比较全基因组序列组装和表型分析来评估生物膜形成能力、重金属耐受性和毒力。
纸片扩散法药敏试验显示，所有分离株至少对三种抗生素耐药，检测到对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、链霉素、利福平和/或氯霉素耐药。施氏假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属是本研究中观察到的常见菌属。对每个选定分离株的基因组测序显示，其携带多个ARG，这些ARG能够对家禽生产和人类医学中常用的许多抗菌药物产生抗性，包括四环素类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、磺胺类和头孢菌素类。
在所研究的细菌分离株中ARG的高发生率证实，家禽粪便可能是可转移至人类共生微生物群和机会性病原体的遗传物质来源。理解人类、动物和环境之间复杂的抗性组相互作用需要采取“同一健康”方法，这对农业环境和公共卫生具有重要意义。
