Shaw Robyn E, Farquharson Katherine A, Bruford Michael W, Coates David J, Elliott Carole P, Mergeay Joachim, Ottewell Kym M, Segelbacher Gernot, Hoban Sean, Hvilsom Christina, Pérez-Espona Sílvia, Ruņģis Dainis, Aravanopoulos Filippos, Bertola Laura D, Cotrim Helena, Cox Karen, Cubric-Curik Vlatka, Ekblom Robert, Godoy José A, Konopiński Maciej K, Laikre Linda, Russo Isa-Rita M, Veličković Nevena, Vergeer Philippine, Vilà Carles, Brajkovic Vladimir, Field David L, Goodall-Copestake William P, Hailer Frank, Hopley Tara, Zachos Frank E, Alves Paulo C, Biedrzycka Aleksandra, Binks Rachel M, Buiteveld Joukje, Buzan Elena, Byrne Margaret, Huntley Barton, Iacolina Laura, Keehnen Naomi L P, Klinga Peter, Kopatz Alexander, Kurland Sara, Leonard Jennifer A, Manfrin Chiara, Marchesini Alexis, Millar Melissa A, Orozco-terWengel Pablo, Ottenburghs Jente, Posledovich Diana, Spencer Peter B, Tourvas Nikolaos, Unuk Nahberger Tina, van Hooft Pim, Verbylaite Rita, Vernesi Cristiano, Grueber Catherine E
International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Conservation Genetics Specialist Group (CGSG).
Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia.
Nature. 2025 Feb;638(8051):704-710. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08458-x. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
Mitigating loss of genetic diversity is a major global biodiversity challenge. To meet recent international commitments to maintain genetic diversity within species, we need to understand relationships between threats, conservation management and genetic diversity change. Here we conduct a global analysis of genetic diversity change via meta-analysis of all available temporal measures of genetic diversity from more than three decades of research. We show that within-population genetic diversity is being lost over timescales likely to have been impacted by human activities, and that some conservation actions may mitigate this loss. Our dataset includes 628 species (animals, plants, fungi and chromists) across all terrestrial and most marine realms on Earth. Threats impacted two-thirds of the populations that we analysed, and less than half of the populations analysed received conservation management. Genetic diversity loss occurs globally and is a realistic prediction for many species, especially birds and mammals, in the face of threats such as land use change, disease, abiotic natural phenomena and harvesting or harassment. Conservation strategies designed to improve environmental conditions, increase population growth rates and introduce new individuals (for example, restoring connectivity or performing translocations) may maintain or even increase genetic diversity. Our findings underscore the urgent need for active, genetically informed conservation interventions to halt genetic diversity loss.
减轻遗传多样性丧失是一项重大的全球生物多样性挑战。为履行近期国际上关于维持物种内遗传多样性的承诺，我们需要了解威胁、保护管理与遗传多样性变化之间的关系。在此，我们通过对三十多年研究中所有可用的遗传多样性时间测量数据进行荟萃分析，对遗传多样性变化进行了全球分析。我们发现，在可能受到人类活动影响的时间尺度上，种群内的遗传多样性正在丧失，并且一些保护行动可能会减轻这种丧失。我们的数据集涵盖了地球上所有陆地和大部分海洋区域的628个物种（动物、植物、真菌和色素界生物）。我们分析的种群中有三分之二受到了威胁，而接受保护管理的种群不到一半。面对土地利用变化、疾病、非生物自然现象以及捕捞或骚扰等威胁，遗传多样性丧失在全球范围内发生，并且对许多物种，尤其是鸟类和哺乳动物来说是一个现实的预测。旨在改善环境条件、提高种群增长率并引入新个体（例如，恢复连通性或进行迁移）的保护策略可能会维持甚至增加遗传多样性。我们的研究结果强调了迫切需要采取积极的、基于遗传信息的保护干预措施来阻止遗传多样性丧失。
