Belete Getu Kassa, Sithole Hlupheka Lawrence
World Health Organization (WHO), Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia.
College of Health Studies at the University of South Africa (UNISA), Limpopo, South Africa.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 30;20(1):e0318081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318081. eCollection 2025.
Knowing the magnitude and preventable risk factors of diabetes has a significant contribution in targeted prevention intervention which ultimately ensures the existence of healthier and productive individuals in a country. Diabetes has untoward impact on health, social and economic consequences. Exploring preventable risk factors are extremely important because of their potential association and interaction with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and modifiable risk factors of diabetes among adult populations in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia.
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2023 to November, 2023 among adult populations. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 1,113 study participants between the ages of 20-69 years. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Additionally, participants were also instructed to fast overnight, after which the standard fasting blood glucose test was conducted. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify independent predictors of diabetes.
The overall prevalence of diabetes was 14.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 12.4%, 16.4%). Being male (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):2.10; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.29), being unable to read and write (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.47), read and write (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 10.47) and medium cycle (AOR 2.79; 95% CI: 1.02, 7.63) compared to college and above, consume less than 5 servings of fruits on daily base (AOR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.18, 6.62), having ever chewed khat (AOR 6.50; 95% CI: 4.07, 10.39) and being overweight and obese (AOR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.54, 3.83) were independently associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).
This study identified a high prevalence of diabetes among adults in Hawassa, driven by various risk factors. This presents an opportunity to mitigate diabetes risk through public health measures, including avoiding khat chewing, promoting healthy diets, managing overweight and obesity, implementing community-based screening, enhancing health literacy, and integrating health information into daily life.
了解糖尿病的流行程度和可预防的风险因素对于有针对性的预防干预具有重要意义，这最终能确保一个国家拥有更健康、更有生产力的个体。糖尿病会对健康、社会和经济产生不良影响。探索可预防的风险因素极为重要，因为它们与糖尿病存在潜在关联和相互作用。因此，本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚南部哈瓦萨镇成年人群中糖尿病的流行程度和可改变的风险因素。
2023年9月至2023年11月，在成年人群中开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选取了1113名年龄在20 - 69岁之间的研究参与者。通过访谈式问卷收集数据。此外，还要求参与者夜间禁食，之后进行标准空腹血糖检测。采用二元逻辑回归模型来确定糖尿病的独立预测因素。
糖尿病的总体患病率为14.4%（95%置信区间（CI）：12.4%，16.4%）。与大学及以上学历相比，男性（调整后优势比（AOR）：2.10；95% CI：1.34，3.29）、不识字（AOR：3.38；95% CI：1.09，10.47）、识字（AOR：3.38；95% CI：1.09，10.47）以及中等教育程度（AOR 2.79；95% CI：1.02，7.63）、每日水果摄入量少于5份（AOR：2.80；95% CI：1.18，6.62）、曾咀嚼恰特草（AOR 6.50；95% CI：4.07，10.39）以及超重和肥胖（AOR：2.43；95% CI：1.54，3.83）均与糖尿病独立相关。
本研究发现哈瓦萨成年人中糖尿病患病率较高，且受多种风险因素驱动。这为通过公共卫生措施降低糖尿病风险提供了契机，包括避免咀嚼恰特草、推广健康饮食、管理超重和肥胖、实施社区筛查、提高健康素养以及将健康信息融入日常生活。
