Sischka Philipp E, Martin Gina, Residori Caroline, Hammami Nour, Page Nicholas, Schnohr Christina, Cosma Alina
University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada.
Assessment. 2025 Jan 30:10731911241309452. doi: 10.1177/10731911241309452.
The five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is among the most frequently used brief standard measures to assess hedonic well-being. Numerous studies have investigated different facets of its psychometric properties in adult populations. However, whether these results apply to adolescents is uncertain, and only few psychometric studies employed adolescent populations. Thus, the current study aimed to conduct an in-depth psychometric item response theory analysis of the WHO-5 among adolescents from 43 countries using the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 data set and investigated its (a) dimensionality and measurement structure, (b) test information values and marginal reliability, (c) cross-country measurement invariance and differential item/test functioning, and (d) convergent validity with other measures related to mental health and well-being across countries. The WHO-5 showed a unidimensional measurement structure and overall high test information values and marginal reliability. Furthermore, although a large proportion of parameters were flagged as non-invariant, differential test functioning of the WHO-5 was only modest. Moreover, the WHO-5 mainly showed a concurring nomological network with the other measures related to mental health and well-being across countries, although with some differences in effect sizes. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index is a psychometrically sound measure that has shown promise for cross-cultural research among adolescents in the included European, Central Asia, and North American countries. The translated versions of the WHO-5 are available at https://osf.io/pbexq.
世界卫生组织幸福指数简表（WHO-5）的五项内容是评估享乐幸福感时最常用的简短标准测量工具之一。众多研究调查了其在成年人群体中的心理测量特性的不同方面。然而，这些结果是否适用于青少年尚不确定，而且只有少数心理测量研究采用了青少年群体。因此，本研究旨在利用2022年学龄儿童健康行为（HBSC）数据集，对来自43个国家的青少年中的WHO-5进行深入的心理测量项目反应理论分析，并研究其（a）维度和测量结构，（b）测试信息值和边际信度，（c）跨国测量不变性和项目/测试功能差异，以及（d）与各国心理健康和幸福感相关的其他测量方法的收敛效度。WHO-5显示出单维测量结构以及总体较高的测试信息值和边际信度。此外，尽管很大一部分参数被标记为非不变性，但WHO-5的测试功能差异仅为中等程度。此外，WHO-5主要显示出与各国心理健康和幸福感相关的其他测量方法一致的法理网络，尽管效应大小存在一些差异。WHO-5幸福指数是一种心理测量上合理的测量工具，已显示出在纳入研究的欧洲、中亚和北美国家的青少年跨文化研究中有应用前景。WHO-5的翻译版本可在https://osf.io/pbexq获取。
