Cell type-dependent role of transforming growth factor-β signaling on postnatal neural stem cell proliferation and migration.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202603000-00039/figure1/v/2025-06-16T082406Z/r/image-tiff Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents. While it is known transforming growth factor-β signaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis, its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear. In this study, to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-β signaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo , we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-β signaling in neural stem cells in ( mGFAPcre - ALK5fl/fl - Ai9 ) or immature neuroblasts in ( DCXcreERT2 - ALK5fl/fl - Ai9 ). Our data showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-β treatment led to inhibition of the proliferation of primary neural stem cells while stimulating their migration. These effects were abolished in activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) knockout primary neural stem cells. Consistent with this, inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling with SB-431542 in wild-type neural stem cells stimulated proliferation while inhibited the migration of neural stem cells. Interestingly, deletion of transforming growth factor-β receptor in neural stem cells in vivo inhibited the migration of postnatal born neurons in mGFAPcre - ALK5fl/fl - Ai9 mice, while abolishment of transforming growth factor-β signaling in immature neuroblasts in DCXcreERT2 - ALK5fl/fl - Ai9 mice did not affect the migration of these cells in the hippocampus. In summary, our data supports a dual role of transforming growth factor-β signaling in the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in vitro . Moreover, our data provides novel insights on cell type-specific-dependent requirements of transforming growth factor-β signaling on neural stem cell proliferation and migration in vivo .