Győri Ágnes, Perpék Éva, Ádám Szilvia
HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Sociology, Budapest, Hungary.
HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Child Opportunities Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 13;12:1407998. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1407998. eCollection 2024.
Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work.
To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries.
Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses.
The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35-50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor.
Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services.
人类服务行业的从业者极易面临心理健康风险，因此，社会心理风险管理对于确保健康安全的工作环境、促进心理健康与员工敬业度以及防止员工流失至关重要。然而，对于各类人类服务工作中突出的社会心理风险因素，我们仍知之甚少。
确定人类服务行业心理健康的突出社会心理风险因素，并在19个欧洲国家探究其个体及组织层面的相关因素。
采用横断面调查，数据来源于欧盟劳动力调查，涉及19个欧洲国家的379,759名在职员工。首先，进行描述性分析以确定心理健康风险因素的患病率。然后，通过Pearson卡方检验评估职业心理健康风险因素的社会人口学相关因素。最后，运用多层次逻辑回归和多项回归分析，探究感知到的社会心理风险因素与人类服务行业和非人类服务行业职业以及背景变量之间的相关性。
心理健康风险的患病率为45.1%。工作负荷过重（19.9%）、应对难缠客户（10.2%）和工作不安全感（5.8%）是欧洲员工中最普遍的心理健康风险因素。我们发现，根据性别、年龄和教育程度，员工在心理健康风险患病率及特定心理健康风险因素方面存在显著差异。女性（47.0%，男性：43.3%）、35至50岁的员工（47.5%，>50岁：44.4%，<35岁：42.3%）以及教育程度较高的员工（51.9%，有文凭的中学学历：42.6%，小学学历：36.2%）的心理健康风险患病率显著更高。北欧从事医疗保健工作的员工最容易面临心理健康风险（平均边际效应=0.717）。在北欧从事医疗保健工作是报告工作负荷过重的最强预测因素（平均边际效应=0.381）。在中东欧从事社会护理工作是报告应对难缠客户（平均边际效应=0.303）这一最普遍心理健康风险因素的最强预测因素。
了解特定人类服务行业的就业对心理健康的影响及其特定的职业压力源，对于改善工作中的心理健康与安全以及维持高质量服务至关重要。
