新冠疫情社区封控后中国社会工作者的倦怠、负性情绪与幸福感：特质正念的中介作用
Burnout, negative emotions, and wellbeing among social workers in China after community lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediating roles of trait mindfulness.
机构信息
Beijing Huilongguan Hospital Clinical Department III, Peking University Huilongguan Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhongke Boai (Beijing) Institute of Psychological Medicine, Beijing, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 14;10:952269. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952269. eCollection 2022.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate burnout situation of social workers (SWs) who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic-related community lockdown 1 year before, and to assess the protective value of trait mindfulness (TM) in states of burnout.
METHOD
We surveyed the burnout, trait mindfulness, negative emotions (NEs) and wellbeing (WB) of 182 social workers provided services to Wuhan lockdowns community by COVID-19 one year before. Burnout were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey; TM using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; NEs using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and WB using the General Wellbeing Schedule. We also performed correlation regression analysis and mediation test for burnout, TM, NEs, and WB.
RESULTS
Among the 182 respondents, 75 (41.2%) still suffered from severe burnout. TM was negatively correlated with burnout (r = -0.623), negatively correlated with NEs (r = -0.560), and positively correlated with WB (r = 0.617). Burnout had a significantly positive correlation with NEs (r = 0.544) and a significantly negative correlation with WB (r = -0.666). Further, WB had significantly negative correlation with NEs (r = -0.758). After controlling for age, gender, marital status, educational level, and years of employment, burnout had a significantly positive predictive effect on NEs (β = 0.509), whereas TM had a significantly negative predictive effect on NEs (β = -0.334). TM played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of 0.088 and 39.7%, respectively. Burnout had a significantly negative predictive effect on WB (β = -0.598), whereas TM had a significantly positive predictive effect on WB (β = 0.299). TM played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of -0.164 and 30.3%, respectively. WB had a significantly negative predictive effect on NEs (β = -0.711), and it played a partial mediating role in the effect of burnout on NEs, with a mediating effect and effect ratio of 0.185 and 83.3%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The current levels of burnout among local SWs remained high 1 year after the community lockdowns. TM played a mediating role in the relationship between burnout, NEs, and WB. Concomitantly, WB played a mediating role in the relationship between burnout and NEs. Therefore, in the context of burnout, TM is a protective factor for reducing emotional stress and risks of developing psychiatric disorders through the enhancement of WB.
目的
本研究旨在调查在新冠肺炎疫情社区封锁 1 年前经历过这一事件的社会工作者（SW）的倦怠情况，并评估特质正念（TM）在倦怠状态中的保护作用。
方法
我们对 182 名为武汉封锁社区提供服务的社会工作者在新冠肺炎疫情社区封锁 1 年前的倦怠、特质正念、负性情绪（NEs）和幸福感（WB）进行了调查。采用职业倦怠量表-人类服务量表（MBI-HSS）测量倦怠；采用正念注意知觉量表（MAAS）测量 TM；采用抑郁焦虑和压力量表-21 项（DASS-21）测量 NEs；采用一般幸福感量表（GWB）测量 WB。我们还对倦怠、TM、NEs 和 WB 进行了相关回归分析和中介测试。
结果
在 182 名受访者中，仍有 75 名（41.2%）存在严重倦怠。TM 与倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.623），与 NEs 呈负相关（r=-0.560），与 WB 呈正相关（r=0.617）。倦怠与 NEs 呈显著正相关（r=0.544），与 WB 呈显著负相关（r=-0.666）。此外，WB 与 NEs 呈显著负相关（r=-0.758）。在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度和工作年限后，倦怠对 NEs 有显著的正向预测作用（β=0.509），而 TM 对 NEs 有显著的负向预测作用（β=-0.334）。TM 在倦怠对 NEs 的影响中起部分中介作用，中介效应和效应比分别为 0.088 和 39.7%。倦怠对 WB 有显著的负向预测作用（β=-0.598），而 TM 对 WB 有显著的正向预测作用（β=0.299）。TM 在倦怠对 NEs 的影响中起部分中介作用，中介效应和效应比分别为-0.164 和 30.3%。WB 对 NEs 有显著的负向预测作用（β=-0.711），在倦怠对 NEs 的影响中起部分中介作用，中介效应和效应比分别为 0.185 和 83.3%。
结论
在社区封锁 1 年后，当地社会工作者的倦怠水平仍然很高。TM 在倦怠、NEs 和 WB 之间的关系中起中介作用。同时，WB 在倦怠和 NEs 之间的关系中起中介作用。因此，在倦怠的情况下，TM 通过提高 WB，是一种减轻情绪压力和发展精神障碍风险的保护因素。
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