Yao Xing-Chen, Wu Jun-Jie, Yuan Sheng-Tao, Yuan Feng-Lai
State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China.
Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214041, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Mar;55(3). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5494. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Innate immunity is the first line of defence against pathogenic microorganisms and is nearly universal among eukaryotes. The innate immune system is composed of various organs, cells and immune molecules. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small non‑coding RNAs (~22 nucleotides) that are widely involved in post‑transcriptional regulation of proteins within the innate immune system through the recognition of seed sequences. The present review summarizes the role of the miR‑29 family in innate immunity, with a focus on its specific functions in the differentiation of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells and macrophages, as well as the mechanisms by which the miR‑29 family participates in innate immune signalling. Additionally, this review discusses how the miR‑29 family helps the host combat infections by hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus and influenza A virus through the regulation of specific signalling molecules. This comprehensive analysis of existing studies emphasizes the importance of the miR‑29 family in maintaining immune balance and defence against pathogens.
固有免疫是抵御病原微生物的第一道防线，在真核生物中几乎普遍存在。固有免疫系统由各种器官、细胞和免疫分子组成。微小RNA（miR）是一类小的非编码RNA（约22个核苷酸），通过识别种子序列广泛参与固有免疫系统内蛋白质的转录后调控。本综述总结了miR-29家族在固有免疫中的作用，重点关注其在T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞分化中的特定功能，以及miR-29家族参与固有免疫信号传导的机制。此外，本综述还讨论了miR-29家族如何通过调节特定信号分子帮助宿主对抗乙型和丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒和甲型流感病毒感染。对现有研究的全面分析强调了miR-29家族在维持免疫平衡和抵御病原体方面的重要性。
