Mock Janna, Hof Lotta, Dhein Theresa, Pollok Esther, Neef Vanessa, Kaiser Jochen, Zacharowski Kai, Meybohm Patrick, Choorapoikayil Suma
Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland.
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Deutschland.
Anaesthesiologie. 2025 Feb;74(2):81-88. doi: 10.1007/s00101-024-01498-y. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Despite being treatable, the prevalence of anemia is relatively high, affecting up to 30% of the general population and 35% of patients undergoing surgery. Symptoms are often misinterpreted and patients frequently do not recognize anemia as a disease. As a result, it is often not discussed during medical consultations. Additionally, the limited time between diagnosis and surgery makes preoperative anemia management challenging.
The aim of the present study was to assess the state of knowledge about anemia and to identify areas of deficits to develop a strategy for future improvement.
Patients undergoing surgery with a transfusion probability of > 10% were interviewed at the department for anesthesiology, intensive care medicine and pain therapy of the University Hospital Frankfurt in May and October 2023.
A total of 196 completed questionnaires were evaluated. Most correct answers were given in the category "treatment of anemia" with 54.3% (n = 426/784), followed by 50.1% (n = 393/784) correct answers in the category "diagnosis of anemia", 48.8% (n = 478/980) in the category "perioperative influence of anemia" and 44.6% (n = 350/784) correct answers in the category "influence of nutrition". The patients showed the greatest knowledge deficits in the category "symptoms of anemia" with 38.1% (n = 598/1568) correct answers and "causes of anemia" with 36.1% (n = 354/980). Only 3% (n = 5/196) of the participants rated their knowledge as "good", 16% (n = 31/196) as "fairly good", 48% (n = 94/196) as "fairly poor" and 29% (n = 56/196) as "poor". There is a weak to medium positive linear correlation between the self-assessment and the correct answers given (correlation coefficient 0.44). Approximately 70% of participants had a higher level of education, such as vocational training, a university degree or a high school diploma. There was no correlation between the number of correct answers given and the participants' level of education. The majority of the patients (71.4%; n = 140/195) expressed interest in learning more about anemia.
We identified a significant knowledge deficit, particularly regarding the causes and symptoms of anemia. It is likely that knowledge gaps persist and that anemia does not receive sufficient attention in everyday clinical practice. Educating and training patients about anemia is essential to further reduce its prevalence.
尽管贫血是可治疗的，但其患病率相对较高，影响高达30%的普通人群和35%的手术患者。症状常常被误解，患者常常未将贫血视为一种疾病。因此，在医疗咨询中常常未对其进行讨论。此外，诊断与手术之间的时间有限，使得术前贫血管理具有挑战性。
本研究的目的是评估关于贫血的知识状况，并确定知识缺陷领域，以制定未来改进策略。
2023年5月和10月，在法兰克福大学医院麻醉学、重症医学和疼痛治疗科对输血概率>10%的手术患者进行了访谈。
共评估了196份完整问卷。“贫血治疗”类别中正确答案最多，为54.3%（n = 426/784），其次是“贫血诊断”类别中50.1%（n = 393/784）的正确答案，“贫血围手术期影响”类别中为48.8%（n = 478/980），“营养影响”类别中为44.6%（n = 350/784）。患者在“贫血症状”类别中知识缺陷最大，正确答案为38.1%（n = 598/1568），在“贫血原因”类别中为36.1%（n = 354/980）。只有3%（n = 5/196）的参与者将自己的知识评为“良好”，16%（n = 31/196）评为“较好”，48%（n = 94/196）评为“较差”，29%（n = 56/196）评为“差”。自我评估与给出的正确答案之间存在弱至中等程度的正线性相关（相关系数0.44）。约70%的参与者具有较高的教育水平，如职业培训、大学学位或高中文凭。给出的正确答案数量与参与者的教育水平之间没有相关性。大多数患者（71.4%；n = 140/195）表示有兴趣更多地了解贫血。
我们发现了显著的知识缺陷，尤其是关于贫血的原因和症状。很可能知识差距仍然存在，且贫血在日常临床实践中未得到足够重视。对患者进行贫血教育和培训对于进一步降低其患病率至关重要。
