Yang Mei, Xie Qian, Wang Jing, Zha Andong, Chen Jiashun, Jiang Qian, Kang Meng, Deng Qiuchun, Yin Yulong, Tan Bie
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Products Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.
Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P. R. China.
Microbiome. 2025 Jan 31;13(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s40168-024-02013-6.
Gut microbiota has been extensively demonstrated to modulate host lipid metabolism. Higher intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation in Chinese indigenous breed pigs is associated with their special gut microbiota structure. However, the specific microbes and metabolic pathways responsible for lipid deposition are still poorly understood.
In the present study, a comparative analysis of the gut microbiota and metabolome in obese Ningxiang (NX) pigs and lean Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs was conducted. The results revealed a higher abundance of gut lactobacilli and a correlation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism pathway in NX pigs. We proceeded to verify the roles of various lactobacilli strains originating from NX pigs in BCAA metabolism and lipids deposition in SD rats. We demonstrated that L. reuteri is a fundamental species responsible for modulating lipid deposition in NX pigs and that increased circulating levels of BCAA are positively linked to greater lipid deposition. Additionally, it has been verified that L. reuteri originating from NX pigs has the ability to improve BCAA synthesis in the gut and enhance IMF content in lean DLY pigs. The expression of genes related to lipid synthesis was also significantly upregulated.
Taken together, our results imply that NX pig-derived L. reuteri regulates BCAA metabolism and plays a potential role in improving the meat quality of lean pig breeds through modulation of host intramuscular lipid deposition. The results provide a new strategy for improving the meat quality of commercial pigs by influencing host metabolism through supplementing dietary additives. Video Abstract.
肠道微生物群已被广泛证明可调节宿主脂质代谢。中国本土猪较高的肌内脂肪（IMF）积累与其特殊的肠道微生物群结构有关。然而，负责脂质沉积的具体微生物和代谢途径仍知之甚少。
在本研究中，对肥胖的宁乡（NX）猪和瘦肉型杜洛克×长白×约克夏（DLY）猪的肠道微生物群和代谢组进行了比较分析。结果显示，NX猪的肠道乳酸杆菌丰度较高，且支链氨基酸（BCAA）代谢途径存在相关性。我们进而验证了源自NX猪的各种乳酸杆菌菌株在BCAA代谢和SD大鼠脂质沉积中的作用。我们证明，罗伊氏乳杆菌是调节NX猪脂质沉积的关键菌种，BCAA循环水平的升高与更多的脂质沉积呈正相关。此外，已证实源自NX猪的罗伊氏乳杆菌具有改善肠道中BCAA合成的能力，并能提高瘦肉型DLY猪的IMF含量。与脂质合成相关的基因表达也显著上调。
综上所述，我们的结果表明，源自NX猪的罗伊氏乳杆菌调节BCAA代谢，并通过调节宿主肌内脂质沉积，在改善瘦肉型猪品种的肉质方面发挥潜在作用。这些结果为通过补充膳食添加剂影响宿主代谢来改善商品猪的肉质提供了一种新策略。视频摘要。
