Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Agro ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Oct 3;12(10):e0081324. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00813-24. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Ningxiang pigs (NXPs) have a strong ability to deposit fat and intramuscular fat (IMF). However, microbiota-metabolite development and the role in IMF deposition have been rarely reported. Here, we compared the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles and IMF content at 30, 70, 150, 200, and 250 days of age of NXPs. The results revealed that the IMF content in NXPs increased significantly ( < 0.05) as the pigs' age extended. Additionally, the C14:0 content in the longissimus dorsi muscle at 30 and 70 days of age was significantly lower ( < 0.05) than that at 150 and 200 days of age. The Shannon index and ACE index showed a pattern of initially increasing and then decreasing. LEfSe analysis revealed that 41 differential bacteria at the genus level were specific to different growth stages, indicating the dominant bacteria's dynamic changes in the NXPs during different stages of age. Furthermore, we found that there were significant differences in cecal metabolism, the classification of differential metabolites revealed that 15.61% of compounds were fatty acyls, 13.98% were prenol lipids, and 10.57% were steroids and steroid derivatives. Next, the network analysis showed that was positively related to 4-2-Aminophenyl-2-4-dioxobutanoic-acid, (Z)-3-Octene, 5-Methyl-furaldehyde, Propyl-2-4-decadienoate, which were also positively correlated with the IMF content. Our findings illustrated the dynamic distribution of cecal microbiota and metabolite composition at different growth stages in NXPs and their correlation with IMF deposition. These results provide a valuable insight into optimizing meat quality and overall health in post-weaning NXPs, providing a foundation for enhancement in pork product.IMPORTANCEUnderstanding the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, metabolites, and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in pigs at various growth stages holds significant importance for the pork industry. This research sheds light on how the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites changes throughout the developmental stages of pigs, impacting IMF content in meat. By identifying specific bacterial genera and metabolites associated with IMF deposition, this study offers valuable insights for optimizing meat quality and health in post-weaning pigs. Such knowledge could lead to targeted interventions or management strategies aimed at enhancing pork product quality and overall profitability for producers. Ultimately, this research contributes to advancing our understanding of the complex relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and meat quality, offering practical implications for the swine industry.
宁乡猪（NXP）具有很强的脂肪和肌间脂肪（IMF）沉积能力。然而，微生物群-代谢物的发展及其在 IMF 沉积中的作用很少有报道。在这里，我们比较了 30、70、150、200 和 250 日龄 NXP 的肠道微生物群和代谢物谱以及 IMF 含量。结果表明，随着猪年龄的增长，IMF 含量显著增加（<0.05）。此外，在 30 和 70 日龄时，背最长肌中的 C14:0 含量明显低于（<0.05）150 和 200 日龄时的含量。香农指数和 ACE 指数呈现出先增加后减少的模式。LEfSe 分析显示，41 种属水平的差异细菌是特定于不同生长阶段的，表明在不同生长阶段，NXP 中优势细菌的动态变化。此外，我们发现盲肠代谢存在显著差异，差异代谢物的分类表明 15.61%的化合物为脂肪酸酯，13.98%为prenol 脂质，10.57%为类固醇和类固醇衍生物。接下来，网络分析显示与 4-2-氨基苯基-2-4-二氧代丁酸、（Z）-3-辛烯、5-甲基糠醛、丙基-2-4-癸二烯酸呈正相关，这些物质也与 IMF 含量呈正相关。我们的研究结果说明了不同生长阶段 NXP 盲肠微生物群和代谢物组成的动态分布及其与 IMF 沉积的关系。这些结果为优化断奶后 NXP 的肉质和整体健康提供了有价值的见解，为提高猪肉产品质量奠定了基础。
重要性
了解不同生长阶段猪肠道微生物群、代谢物和肌内脂肪（IMF）沉积之间的动态相互作用对猪肉行业具有重要意义。这项研究阐明了肠道微生物群和代谢物组成如何随着猪的发育阶段而变化，从而影响肉中的 IMF 含量。通过鉴定与 IMF 沉积相关的特定细菌属和代谢物，本研究为优化断奶后猪的肉质和健康提供了有价值的见解。这种知识可以为生产者提供有针对性的干预或管理策略，旨在提高猪肉产品的质量和整体盈利能力。最终，这项研究有助于深入了解肠道微生物群、代谢物和肉质之间的复杂关系，为养猪业提供实际意义。
