Begue Floran, Veeren Bryan, Rondeau Philippe, Florence Aline-Marie, Jamard Simon, Montravers Philippe, Tanaka Sébastien, Meilhac Olivier
Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Pierre de La Réunion, 97410, France.
Délégation de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, USMD, CHU Réunion, Saint-Pierre, 97448, France.
Lipids Health Dis. 2025 Jan 31;24(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02381-w.
SARS-CoV-2 infection affects both lipid metabolism and lung function. The severity of the disease has been associated with reduced levels of both high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Despite the crucial role that these nanoparticles play in SARS-CoV-2 infection, few studies have examined their structure during COVID-19 beyond HDL quantity. The study aimed to assess apolipoprotein levels in COVID-19 patients who either survived or died following ICU admission. In addition, ICU survivors and non-survivors were compared for HDL particle size and proteome.
Between February and April 2020, our study enrolled 37 COVID-19 patients upon their intensive care unit admission. Among them, 18 survived the disease, while 19 succumbed to it. We used mass spectrometry to assess plasma levels of 14 apolipoproteins and LCAT. Additionally, we analyzed HDL subpopulation distribution by utilizing native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HDL particles were isolated from both surviving and non-surviving patients using ultracentrifugation, followed by characterization of their proteomes with NanoLC-MS/MS.
Plasma apolipoproteins, including Apo A-II, Apo Cs (I, II, III), Apo H, Apo J, Apo M, and LCAT, were decreased in patients who did not survive COVID-19. However, no alterations were noted in the distribution of HDL subpopulations in relation to mortality. HDL composition was further altered based on mortality, displaying a decline in Apo H and paraoxonase 3.
In conclusion, we have shown an alteration in plasma apolipoproteins and HDL composition between surviving COVID-19 patients and non-survivors. Some markers, such as Apo H, are more predictive than baseline lipid concentrations such as HDL-C. These markers appear to provide a more accurate indication of mortality during COVID-19 compared with baseline lipid concentrations such as HDL-C.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染会影响脂质代谢和肺功能。疾病的严重程度与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低有关。尽管这些纳米颗粒在SARS-CoV-2感染中起着关键作用，但除了HDL数量外，很少有研究在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）期间研究它们的结构。本研究旨在评估入住重症监护病房（ICU）后存活或死亡的COVID-19患者的载脂蛋白水平。此外，还比较了ICU幸存者和非幸存者的HDL颗粒大小和蛋白质组。
2020年2月至4月期间，我们的研究纳入了37名入住ICU的COVID-19患者。其中，18名患者存活，19名患者死亡。我们使用质谱法评估14种载脂蛋白和卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）的血浆水平。此外，我们利用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析HDL亚群分布。使用超速离心法从存活和非存活患者中分离HDL颗粒，然后用纳升液相色谱-串联质谱法（NanoLC-MS/MS）对其蛋白质组进行表征。
未从COVID-19中存活的患者血浆载脂蛋白水平降低，包括载脂蛋白A-II、载脂蛋白C（I、II、III）、载脂蛋白H、载脂蛋白J、载脂蛋白M和LCAT。然而，HDL亚群分布与死亡率无关，未发现改变。基于死亡率，HDL组成进一步改变，载脂蛋白H和对氧磷酶3减少。
总之，我们已经表明，存活的COVID-19患者和非幸存者之间血浆载脂蛋白和HDL组成存在改变。一些标志物，如载脂蛋白H，比HDL-C等基线脂质浓度更具预测性。与HDL-C等基线脂质浓度相比，这些标志物似乎能更准确地指示COVID-19期间的死亡率。
