Mander Ülo, Öpik Maarja, Espenberg Mikk
Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
New Phytol. 2025 Apr;246(1):94-102. doi: 10.1111/nph.20436. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
Natural peatlands regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes through a permanently high groundwater table, causing carbon dioxide (CO) assimilation but methane (CH) emissions due to anaerobic conditions. By contrast, drained and disturbed peatlands are hotspots for CO and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, while CH release is low but high from drainage ditches. Generally, in low-latitude (tropical and subtropical) peatlands, emissions of all GHGs are higher than in high-latitude (temperate, boreal, and Arctic) peatlands. Their inherent dependence on the water regime makes peatlands highly vulnerable to both direct and indirect anthropogenic impacts, including climate change-induced drying, which is creating anthro-natural ecosystems. This paper presents state-of-the-art knowledge on peatland GHG fluxes and their key regulating processes, highlighting approaches to study spatio-temporal dynamics, integrated methods, direct and indirect human impacts, and peatlands' perspectives.
天然泥炭地通过常年较高的地下水位调节温室气体（GHG）通量，这会导致二氧化碳（CO）同化，但由于厌氧条件会产生甲烷（CH）排放。相比之下，排水和受干扰的泥炭地是CO和一氧化二氮（NO）排放的热点地区，而CH释放量较低，但排水沟中的CH释放量较高。一般来说，在低纬度（热带和亚热带）泥炭地中，所有温室气体的排放量都高于高纬度（温带、寒带和北极）泥炭地。泥炭地对水文状况的固有依赖性使其极易受到直接和间接人为影响，包括气候变化导致的干旱，这正在形成人为自然生态系统。本文介绍了泥炭地温室气体通量及其关键调节过程的最新知识，重点介绍了研究时空动态的方法、综合方法、直接和间接人类影响以及泥炭地的前景。
