Bager Peter, Svalgaard Ingrid Bech, Lomholt Frederikke Kristensen, Emborg Hanne-Dorthe, Christiansen Lasse Engbo, Soborg Bolette, Hviid Anders, Vestergaard Lasse S
Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2025 Jun;25(6):616-624. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00806-5. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been on a downward trend since May, 2022, but it continues to cause substantial numbers of hospital admissions and deaths. We describe this burden in the 2 years since May, 2022, and compare it with the burden of influenza in Denmark.
This observational cohort study included residents in Denmark from May 16, 2022, to June 7, 2024. Data were obtained from national registries, including admissions with COVID-19 or influenza (ie, having a positive PCR test for either virus from 14 days before and up to 2 days after the hospital admission date), deaths, sex, age, COVID-19 and influenza vaccination status, comorbidities, and residence in long-term care facilities. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) to compare rates of hospital admissions between COVID-19 and influenza. To compare the severity of COVID-19 versus influenza among patients admitted to hospital, we used the Kaplan-Meier estimator to produce weighted cumulative incidence curves and adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of mortality at 30 days between COVID-19 and influenza admissions.
Among 5 899 170 individuals, COVID-19 admissions (n=24 400) were more frequent than influenza admissions (n=8385; aIRR 2·04 [95% CI 1·38-3·02]), particularly during the first year (May, 2022, to May, 2023) versus the second year (May, 2023, to June, 2024; p=0·0096), in the summer versus the winter (p<0·0001), and among people aged 65 years or older versus younger than 65 years (p<0·0001). The number of deaths was also higher for patients with COVID-19 (n=2361) than patients with influenza (n=489, aIRR 3·19 [95% CI 2·24-4·53]). Among patients admitted in the winter (n=19 286), the risk of mortality from COVID-19 was higher than for influenza (aRR 1·23 [95% CI 1·08-1·37]), particularly among those without COVID-19 and influenza vaccination (1·36 [1·05-1·67]), with comorbidities (1·27 [1·11-1·43]), and who were male (1·36 [1·14-1·59]).
COVID-19 represented a greater disease burden than influenza, with more hospital admissions and deaths, and more severe disease (primarily among non-vaccinated people, those with comorbidities, and male patients). These results highlight the continued need for attention and public health efforts to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2.
Danish Government.
自2022年5月以来，新冠疫情呈下降趋势，但仍导致大量住院和死亡病例。我们描述了2022年5月以来两年间的这一负担，并将其与丹麦流感的负担进行比较。
这项观察性队列研究纳入了2022年5月16日至2024年6月7日期间丹麦的居民。数据来自国家登记处，包括因新冠或流感住院（即入院日期前14天至入院后2天内任何一种病毒的PCR检测呈阳性）、死亡、性别、年龄、新冠和流感疫苗接种状况、合并症以及长期护理机构居住情况。采用负二项回归估计调整发病率比（aIRRs），以比较新冠和流感的住院率。为比较新冠与流感住院患者的严重程度，我们使用Kaplan-Meier估计量生成加权累积发病率曲线，并比较新冠和流感入院后30天的调整死亡风险比（aRRs）。
在5899170名个体中，新冠住院病例（n = 24400）比流感住院病例（n = 8385；aIRR 2.04 [95% CI 1.38 - 3.02]）更常见，尤其是在第一年（2022年5月至2023年5月）与第二年（2023年5月至2024年6月；p = 0.0096）相比、夏季与冬季相比（p < 0.0001）以及65岁及以上人群与65岁以下人群相比（p < 0.0001）。新冠患者的死亡人数（n = 2361）也高于流感患者（n = 489，aIRR 3.19 [95% CI 2.24 - 4.53]）。在冬季入院的患者（n = 19286）中，新冠导致的死亡风险高于流感（aRR 1.23 [95% CI 1.08 - 1.37]），尤其是在未接种新冠和流感疫苗的人群中（1.36 [1.05 - 1.67]）、有合并症的人群中（1.27 [1.11 - 1.43]）以及男性患者中（1.36 [1.14 - 1.59]）。
新冠造成的疾病负担比流感更大，住院和死亡人数更多，疾病更严重（主要在未接种疫苗者、有合并症者和男性患者中）。这些结果凸显了持续关注和开展公共卫生工作以减轻SARS-CoV-2影响的必要性。
丹麦政府
