Neonatal Invasive Fungal Infections: Epidemiology, Microbiology, and Controversies in Practice.

As neonatology has moved to caring for infants of lower gestational ages, prevention, prompt diagnosis, and treatment of invasive fungal infections have contributed to the improved neonatal outcomes. Standardized care should include an infection prevention bundle for invasive Candida infections with targeted fluconazole prophylaxis in high-risk patients, antimicrobial stewardship, and central venous catheter-related infection prevention measures. Knowledge and vigilance with skin care, recognition of dermatologic presentation of congenital cutaneous candidiasis, and cutaneous mold infections with prompt treatment is critical for preventing morbidity and mortality associated with these infections in extremely preterm infants.