Wrubleswski Juliana, Reichert Francisco Wilson, Galon Leandro, Hartmann Paulo Afonso, Hartmann Marilia Teresinha
Prefeitura Municipal de Erechim, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2018 Apr;27(3):360-368. doi: 10.1007/s10646-018-1900-1. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world. However, knowledge on how these pesticides affect wildlife is scarce. Among the vertebrates, amphibians are particularly important in research to assess the impact of pesticides because of the correlation between pesticide and the decline of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of commercial formulations of pesticides, i.e., atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), and tebuconazole (fungicide) in Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. Eggs were collected in nature and cultivated under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Toxicity tests were carried out under standard conditions to determine the lethal concentration (LC) after 96 h of exposure and to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations after 7 days. In addition, we performed swimming activity tests on tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations. The lethal concentration (LC) was 19.69 mg/L for atrazine, 0.24 mg/L for cypermethrin and 0.98 mg/L for tebuconazole. In the acute test, atrazine showed lower toxicity than cypermethrin and tebuconazole for P. cuvieri. Swimming activity was affected at sublethal doses of atrazine and cypermethrin, but was not after exposure to tebuconazole. Cypermethrin was the insecticide that most altered the swimming activity of the individuals tested. The risk evaluation analysis indicated risks for tadpoles exposed to three tested pesticides, specially cypermethrin.
巴西是世界上最大的农药消费国。然而，关于这些农药如何影响野生动物的知识却很匮乏。在脊椎动物中，两栖动物在评估农药影响的研究中尤为重要，因为农药与这些物种数量减少之间存在关联。本研究旨在评估农药商业制剂，即莠去津（除草剂）、氯氰菊酯（杀虫剂）和戊唑醇（杀菌剂）对库维氏泡蟾蝌蚪的急性和慢性毒性。卵采自自然界，并在实验室的可控条件下进行培育。在标准条件下进行毒性试验，以确定暴露96小时后的致死浓度（LC），并确定7天后亚致死浓度的影响。此外，我们对暴露于亚致死浓度的蝌蚪进行了游泳活动测试。莠去津的致死浓度（LC）为19.69毫克/升，氯氰菊酯为0.24毫克/升，戊唑醇为0.98毫克/升。在急性试验中，莠去津对库维氏泡蟾的毒性低于氯氰菊酯和戊唑醇。在莠去津和氯氰菊酯的亚致死剂量下，游泳活动受到影响，但暴露于戊唑醇后则未受影响。氯氰菊酯是对受试个体游泳活动影响最大的杀虫剂。风险评估分析表明，暴露于三种受试农药，特别是氯氰菊酯的蝌蚪存在风险。
