Khazaee-Pool Maryam, Moosazadeh Mahmood, Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran, Yazdani Fereshteh, Ponnet Koen
Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Gastrointestitional Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 1;25(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10542-0.
Malaria is a climate-dependent disease influenced by gender, social determination, seasonal patterns, and relapse incidence This study reviews these characteristics of malaria in the Sistan and Baluchistan (S&B) province and another province of Iran.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through systematic and manual searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the Scientific Information Database. Studies from the S&B province, published from 1990 to 2024, written in Farsi and English, and reporting incidence, relapse, or death were included in this study. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Out of 1941 studies initially identified, 43 were included in the systematic review, with 12 studies on relapse and 43 on incidence included in the meta-analysis. The combined results of the 43 primary studies using the random effect model showed that the frequency of malaria among infected women is 32% in S&B, 22% in other parts of Iran and 24% in the whole of Iran. This is 68%, 77% and 75% in men respectively. Among the primary studies, 8 deaths were reported in two studies, all of which were men. The incidence rate of malaria relapse varied from 0.30% to 46%. Based on the random effect model, the malaria relapse rate in Iran was estimated at 9%. The highest incidence of malaria in Iran was between spring and summer, and the lowest incidence was winter and spring. Most studies showed a downward trend in malaria incidence of malaria between 1986 to 2019. In term of socio-demographic status, malaria was more common in rural areas (82%). Although 28% were employed, and in term of age, young and old individuals (15 to 50 years) had the highest rate of infection.
This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a lower incidence of malaria in women compared to men. The findings highlight the need for health care and the importance of targeted malaria control interventions, especially for men, rural areas, hot weather conditions, and young to middle-aged age groups, particularly in the S&B province.
疟疾是一种受气候影响的疾病，受性别、社会因素、季节模式和复发率影响。本研究回顾了锡斯坦-俾路支斯坦省（S&B）和伊朗另一个省份疟疾的这些特征。
本系统评价和荟萃分析通过在电子数据库（如PubMed、科学网、Scopus、科学Direct、谷歌学术和科学信息数据库）中进行系统和手动检索来进行。纳入了1990年至2024年发表的、用波斯语和英语撰写的、报告发病率、复发率或死亡率的来自S&B省的研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。
在最初识别的1941项研究中，43项被纳入系统评价，其中12项关于复发的研究和43项关于发病率的研究被纳入荟萃分析。使用随机效应模型对43项主要研究的综合结果显示，S&B省感染女性中的疟疾发病率为32%，伊朗其他地区为22%，伊朗全国为24%。男性分别为68%、77%和75%。在主要研究中，两项研究报告了8例死亡，均为男性。疟疾复发率从0.30%到46%不等。基于随机效应模型，伊朗的疟疾复发率估计为9%。伊朗疟疾发病率最高的时期是春季和夏季，最低发病率是冬季和春季。大多数研究表明，1986年至2019年期间疟疾发病率呈下降趋势。就社会人口统计学状况而言，疟疾在农村地区更为常见（82%）。虽然28%的人有工作，就年龄而言，年轻人和老年人（15至50岁）感染率最高。
本系统评价和荟萃分析显示，女性疟疾发病率低于男性。研究结果强调了医疗保健的必要性以及针对性疟疾控制干预措施的重要性，特别是针对男性、农村地区、炎热天气条件以及年轻至中年年龄组，尤其是在S&B省。
