Long Bin-Yang, Liao Xipeng, Liang Xin
School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
Neuroendocrinology. 2025;115(3-4):315-334. doi: 10.1159/000543877. Epub 2025 Jan 31.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with unclear mechanisms, posing a challenge for prevention and treatment of PCOS. The role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in regulating female reproduction is critical. Abnormalities in the hypothalamus and pituitary can impair reproductive function. It is important to study hypothalamic and pituitary changes in patients with PCOS.
This article reviews articles on the hypothalamus and PCOS with the goal of summarizing what abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis are present in patients with PCOS and to clarify the pathogenesis of PCOS. We find that the mechanisms by which the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate reproduction in girls are complex and are associated with altered sex hormone levels, obesity, and insulin resistance. Different animal models of PCOS are characterized by different alterations in the hypothalamus and pituitary and respond differently to different treatments, which correspond to the complex pathogenesis of patients with PCOS.
Arcuate nucleus (ARC) is associated with luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. Suprachiasmatic nucleus, ARC, and RP3V are associated with LH surges. Animal models of PCOS have different characteristics.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种机制不明的复杂病症，对PCOS的预防和治疗构成挑战。下丘脑和垂体在调节女性生殖中起关键作用。下丘脑和垂体的异常会损害生殖功能。研究PCOS患者下丘脑和垂体的变化很重要。
本文综述了关于下丘脑与PCOS的文章，目的是总结PCOS患者下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴存在哪些异常，并阐明PCOS的发病机制。我们发现，下丘脑和垂体调节女孩生殖的机制很复杂，且与性激素水平改变、肥胖和胰岛素抵抗有关。不同的PCOS动物模型在下丘脑和垂体有不同改变，对不同治疗的反应也不同，这与PCOS患者复杂的发病机制相对应。
弓状核（ARC）与促黄体生成素（LH）激增有关。视交叉上核、ARC和第三脑室前腹侧室周核（RP3V）与LH激增有关。PCOS动物模型有不同特征。
