Yang Hang-Ju, Yang Yun-Chieh, Hsu Chih-Cheng, Cheng Wan-Ju
Department of Emergency Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital Dali Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.
National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Apr;12(4):100084. doi: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100084. Epub 2025 Feb 2.
Work occupies a significant portion of adult life, and both cognitive stimulation and physical activity have been suggested as factors that may lower dementia risk in later life.
To examine the association between mental and physical demands at work and the risk of dementia.
A cohort study.
Seven selected districts in Taiwan, covering both urban and rural areas.
4,083 community-dwelling healthy adults aged 55 and older from the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study.
A job matrix of work conditions by occupation was generated using data from a representative national survey. Mental demands were assessed by job control and psychological demands from the Job Content Questionnaire, as well as skill levels. Physical demands were assessed using a 4-point Likert scale and dichotomized into high and low levels. Dementia diagnoses were identified based on physician diagnosis registered in the National Health Insurance database.
Over a follow-up period of 6.2 years, 513 participants were diagnosed with dementia. After adjusting for confounding factors in cox regression models, high (vs. low) job control, high -skilled jobs (vs. low), and high physical demands (vs. low) were associated with a reduced future risk of dementia. Psychological demands were not associated with dementia risk.
Greater utilization of job skills and engagement in physically demanding activities at work may help mitigate the risk of developing dementia. The effects of different dimensions of psychological demands on cognitive health warrant further investigation.
工作占据了成年人生活的很大一部分，认知刺激和身体活动都被认为是可能降低晚年患痴呆症风险的因素。
研究工作中的心理和身体需求与痴呆症风险之间的关联。
队列研究。
台湾七个选定的地区，涵盖城市和农村地区。
来自健康老龄化纵向研究的4083名年龄在55岁及以上的社区居住健康成年人。
使用来自全国代表性调查的数据生成按职业划分的工作条件工作矩阵。通过工作控制、工作内容问卷中的心理需求以及技能水平来评估心理需求。使用4点李克特量表评估身体需求，并将其分为高和低水平。根据国民健康保险数据库中登记的医生诊断来确定痴呆症诊断。
在6.2年的随访期内，513名参与者被诊断患有痴呆症。在cox回归模型中调整混杂因素后，高（与低）工作控制、高技能工作（与低）以及高身体需求（与低）与未来患痴呆症风险降低相关。心理需求与痴呆症风险无关。
在工作中更多地运用工作技能和参与体力要求高的活动可能有助于降低患痴呆症的风险。心理需求不同维度对认知健康的影响值得进一步研究。
