Linzer Mark, O'Brien Emily C, Sullivan Erin, Rathert Cheryl, Simmons Derick R, Johnson Dawn H, McKinney Warren T, Mallick Sanjoyita, Porta Carolyn M, Poplau Sara, Wambua Mike, Bosquet Alli, Farley Heather, Montori Victor M, Goelz Elizabeth
Health Care Manage Rev. 2025;50(2):57-66. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0000000000000433. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
Burnout is disrupting the health care workforce, threatening the livelihoods of health care workers and the probability of safe and effective patient care.
The aims of this study were to describe the evolution and gaps in burnout research and identify next steps to advance the field and reduce burnout.
METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: We formed a learning community of burnout scholars and Chief Wellness Officers, sought recent review articles for a meta-narrative synthesis of themes on health care worker burnout, and conducted focus groups with learning community members.
In 1,425 systematic burnout studies found in a Medline database search of systematic reviews published since 2018, 68 were retained for analysis. Many focused on individual interventions (e.g., mindfulness), paying inconsistent attention to (a) what comprises burnout, (b) prevalence and contributors, (c) theories underlying it, (d) presence in marginalized populations, and (e) innovative research methods. There was consensus that burnout poses a global crisis, but there was no agreement on how to address it. Focus group participants noted that although burnout research is now "mainstream," health systems commit insufficient resources to addressing it. They proposed that emphasizing organizational finances and patient safety may make burnout a priority for health systems.
Despite burnout's progressing unabated, many organizations do not employ known burnout indicators (worker dissatisfaction or turnover) as wellness metrics. Research into organizational contributors to burnout, rigorous evaluation of interventions, and organizational adoption of research findings into systemic action are urgently needed. A well-supported international research agenda is required to quickly move the field ahead and reduce or ultimately eliminate burnout.
职业倦怠正在扰乱医疗保健 workforce，威胁着医疗保健工作者的生计以及安全有效的患者护理的可能性。
本研究的目的是描述职业倦怠研究的演变和差距，并确定推进该领域发展和减少职业倦怠的下一步措施。
方法/途径：我们组建了一个由职业倦怠学者和首席健康官组成的学习社区，寻找近期的综述文章以对医疗保健工作者职业倦怠的主题进行元叙事综合，并与学习社区成员进行了焦点小组讨论。
在对 2018 年以来发表的系统评价进行的 Medline 数据库搜索中发现的 1425 项系统性职业倦怠研究中，保留了 68 项进行分析。许多研究集中在个体干预措施（如正念）上，对以下方面的关注不一致：（a）职业倦怠的构成要素，（b）患病率和影响因素，（c）其背后的理论，（d）边缘化人群中的存在情况，以及（e）创新研究方法。大家一致认为职业倦怠构成了全球危机，但在如何解决这一问题上没有达成共识。焦点小组参与者指出，尽管职业倦怠研究现在已“成为主流”，但卫生系统投入解决该问题的资源不足。他们建议强调组织财务和患者安全可能会使职业倦怠成为卫生系统的优先事项。
尽管职业倦怠问题持续恶化，但许多组织并未将已知的职业倦怠指标（员工不满或离职）用作健康指标。迫切需要对导致职业倦怠的组织因素进行研究、对干预措施进行严格评估，并促使组织将研究结果纳入系统行动。需要一个得到充分支持的国际研究议程，以迅速推动该领域向前发展，并减少或最终消除职业倦怠。
