Chin Jia-Wen, Loh Wendy Mei Ling, Ooi Yasmin Beng Houi, Khor Ban-Hock
Nutrition Programme, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Nutrition in Community Engagement (NICE) Living Laboratory, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Nutr Bull. 2025 Jun;50(2):250-261. doi: 10.1111/nbu.12727. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
Recently, there has been an emerging trend of purchasing foods and beverages via online food delivery systems but there is scarce evidence on the healthfulness of these items, particularly in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and nutrient profiles of foods and beverages available via online food delivery systems in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 to identify foods and beverages available on the Grab Food and Foodpanda mobile applications. The healthfulness of selected foods and beverages was determined based on the Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System. The present study included 3729 foods and 1882 beverages. Most of the foods were cereal-based dishes (37.4%), followed by cereals with protein-based dishes (12.8%) and meat or poultry-based dishes (12.0%), while most of the beverages were local handcrafted beverages (27.8%), followed by bubble milk tea (15.0%) and Western handcrafted beverages (14.6%). For protein dishes, deep-frying or battered-frying was the most common preparation method (33.8%) while most of the cereal-based dishes were stir-fried (76.7%). Out of 23 common foods, 15 foods (65%) were categorised as less healthy based on the nutrient profile score while 19 out of 24 (79%) common beverages were categorised as less healthy. The online food delivery systems feature predominantly local foods and beverages that are less healthy, potentially contributing to the development of an obesogenic environment.
最近，通过在线食品配送系统购买食品和饮料的趋势日益兴起，但关于这些食品健康程度的证据却很少，尤其是在马来西亚等东南亚国家。本研究旨在评估马来西亚在线食品配送系统中提供的食品和饮料的特征及营养成分。这项横断面研究于2022年9月至2023年3月进行，以确定Grab Food和Foodpanda移动应用程序上提供的食品和饮料。所选食品和饮料的健康程度根据食品标准局营养成分分析系统来确定。本研究纳入了3729种食品和1882种饮料。大多数食品是以谷物为基础的菜肴（37.4%），其次是谷物搭配蛋白质类菜肴（12.8%）和肉类或禽类菜肴（12.0%），而大多数饮料是当地手工制作的饮料（27.8%），其次是珍珠奶茶（15.0%）和西式手工制作饮料（14.6%）。对于蛋白质类菜肴，油炸或裹面糊油炸是最常见的制作方法（33.8%），而大多数以谷物为基础的菜肴是炒制的（76.7%）。在23种常见食品中，根据营养成分评分，有15种食品（65%）被归类为健康程度较低，在24种常见饮料中，有19种（79%）被归类为健康程度较低。在线食品配送系统的特点主要是当地不太健康的食品和饮料，这可能会导致致胖环境的形成。
