Baron R A, Russell G W, Arms R L
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Mar;48(3):746-54. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.3.746.
Individuals scoring high (Type As), intermediate, or low (Type Bs) on the Jenkins Activity Survey were given an opportunity to aggress against a stranger who, previously, had either provoked or not provoked them. The opportunity to aggress (as well as all other aspects of the study) took place in the presence of (a) a high concentration, (b) a moderate concentration, or (c) a low (ambient) concentration of negative air ions. Results indicated that exposure to moderate or high levels of negative ions significantly enhanced aggression by Type A subjects, but not by other participants. In addition, we found that negative ions produced positive shifts in subjects' reported moods in the absence of provocation, but negative shifts in moods in the presence of provocation. These findings suggest that moderate or high concentrations of negative ions serve as a source of heightened activation, thus enhancing individuals' dominant reactions or tendencies in a given situation.
在詹金斯活动调查中得分高（A型）、中等或低（B型）的个体，有机会对一名此前要么挑衅过他们要么未挑衅过他们的陌生人进行攻击。攻击的机会（以及研究的所有其他方面）是在（a）高浓度、（b）中等浓度或（c）低（环境）浓度的负离子环境下进行的。结果表明，暴露于中等或高水平的负离子会显著增强A型受试者的攻击性，但其他参与者则不会。此外，我们发现，在没有挑衅的情况下，负离子会使受试者报告的情绪产生正向变化，但在有挑衅的情况下会产生负向变化。这些发现表明，中等或高浓度的负离子是增强激活的一个来源，从而增强个体在特定情况下的主导反应或倾向。
