Co-creating innovative and accepted legume-based dishes for school canteens with adolescents in a low socioeconomic area.

The promotion of sustainable diets, that valorise and give stage to plant-based foods, is beneficial for both human and environmental health. Adolescence is crucial to support healthy and sustainable eating. Despite this, adolescents remain an understudied group, especially those with a lower economic status. This study aimed to develop innovative, sustainable and healthy legume-based dishes for school canteens through co-creation with adolescents in a low socioeconomic status area with high immigration rate. Nineteen adolescents and four chefs participated in iterative sessions of focus group discussions using a combination of methods (Jobs-To-Be-Done, free association tasks, SCAMPER (Substitute-Combine-Adapt-Modify-Purpose-Eliminate-Rearrange) technique) to identify ideas of new legume-based dishes. Subsequently, 91 adolescents rated their willingness-to-try 28 dish concepts based on these ideas. Six concepts were selected and translated into prototypes that underwent further evaluation by 138 adolescents who assessed their liking, sensory and emotional responses. Results showed that all dishes were well-received, with lower acceptance among high-neophobic adolescents, yet none of the selected dishes were rejected. Exploring individual differences in liking identified two clusters with different hedonic patterns. Emotional characterization of dishes showed those that elicit positive emotional responses high in arousal and novelty in all adolescents, independently from food neophobia, increasing their likelihood of acceptance. The study shows that co-creation with adolescents, in combination with understanding individual differences, are promising strategies to develop innovative, healthy and well-received legume-based dishes for school canteens.