Wang Quansheng, Huang Lansong
Law School, Shandong University, Weihai, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 17;12:1399120. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1399120. eCollection 2024.
With the promotion of the World Health Organization, China has also launched a healthy city construction campaign. However, healthy city construction needs to formulate a series of policies. How can the current healthy city policy in China be further improved to provide a policy basis for healthy city construction?
Collected here are policy texts from the Central People's Government and local government of the People's Republic of China on healthy cities from 2009 to 2023. This paper adopts the policy tool analysis method to design a two-dimensional analysis framework of the "policy tool-construction domain." There are three types of policy tools: demand-oriented, supply-oriented, and environmental-oriented. The field of healthy city construction is based on five fields defined by WHO: healthy population, health service, healthy environment, healthy culture, and healthy society. The policy text was coded and analyzed by Nvivo software.
According to the coding analysis of policy texts, among the three types of policy tools, supply-oriented policies account for 60.5%, environmental policies account for 29.1%, and demand-oriented policies account for 10.4%. In the five areas of healthy city construction, healthy environment accounted for 23.7%, healthy society accounted for 12.3%, health services accounted for 39.1%, healthy population accounted for 13%, and health culture accounted for 11.9%. From the two-dimensional perspective of policy tools and the field of healthy city construction, the five fields of healthy city construction have different emphases on the application of three different types of policy tools.
Currently, the supply-oriented policy, the demand-oriented policy, and the environmental policy tools are used comprehensively in healthy city construction in China. The proportion of supply-oriented policy is high, which emphasizes the government's intervention and neglects the participation of individuals and social organizations. The use of policy tools is not balanced in the five different areas of healthy city construction, which to some extent limits the effect of policy implementation and strengthens the overall effect of the healthy city construction policy.
在世界卫生组织的推动下，中国也开展了健康城市建设活动。然而，健康城市建设需要制定一系列政策。中国当前的健康城市政策如何进一步完善，为健康城市建设提供政策依据？
收集了中华人民共和国中央人民政府和地方政府2009年至2023年关于健康城市的政策文本。本文采用政策工具分析方法，设计了“政策工具-建设领域”二维分析框架。政策工具分为三类：需求导向型、供给导向型和环境导向型。健康城市建设领域基于世界卫生组织界定的五个领域：健康人群、健康服务、健康环境、健康文化和健康社会。通过Nvivo软件对政策文本进行编码和分析。
根据政策文本的编码分析，在三类政策工具中，供给导向型政策占60.5%，环境政策占29.1%，需求导向型政策占10.4%。在健康城市建设的五个领域中，健康环境占23.7%，健康社会占12.3%，健康服务占39.1%，健康人群占13%，健康文化占11.9%。从政策工具与健康城市建设领域的二维视角看，健康城市建设的五个领域对三种不同类型政策工具的应用侧重点不同。
当前，中国健康城市建设综合运用了供给导向型政策、需求导向型政策和环境政策工具。供给导向型政策占比高，强调政府干预，忽视了个人和社会组织的参与。政策工具在健康城市建设的五个不同领域使用不均衡，在一定程度上限制了政策实施效果，有待强化健康城市建设政策的整体效应。
