Essa Isra'a M, Azzal Ghazi Y
Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq.
Vet World. 2024 Dec;17(12):2957-2966. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2957-2966. Epub 2024 Dec 26.
spp. are important trematodes of public health concern in various animals, including camels. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of liver flukes in camels, to determine the molecular confirmation of , and to perform phylogenetic analysis of study isolates to identify the species of .
In total, 107 slaughtered camels were inspected to collect liver flukes that were examined molecularly using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm species. Then, the study isolates were sequenced, submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and analyzed phylogenetically to identify the species of each study isolate.
Liver flukes were detected in 17.67% of the camels. Regarding the migratory stages of the collected worms, juvenile worms (73.91%) were significantly more prevalent than adult worms (26.09%). Regarding the risk factors, a significantly greater occurrence rate and risk of infection was detected in Al-Najaf compared with Al-Muthanna, as well as in younger camels (1-4 years) compared with older camels. Although the occurrence rate of liver flukes was insignificantly different between females (9.38%) and males (6.98%), females appeared to be at a significantly higher risk of infection than males. Molecularly, 33.33% of the worm samples were positive for species in the genus. Phylogenetic analysis of all positive PCR products (total no = 19) confirmed that 63.16% of the local spp. isolates were related to the NCBI-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI-BLAST) Saudi Arabian isolate at an identity range of 95.94%-99%; while 36.84% of the local spp. isolates were related to the NCBI-BLAST Iranian isolate at an identity range of 97.73%-99%.
This study found a 17.67% occurrence of spp. in camels, with juvenile worms being more common than adult worms. Molecular analysis revealed that 63.16% of the isolates were related to from Saudi Arabia, while 36.84% matched from Iran. Younger camels and those from Al-Najaf were at higher risk, highlighting the need for targeted control measures.
[吸虫属名称]是包括骆驼在内的多种动物中引起公共卫生关注的重要吸虫。本研究旨在确定骆驼体内肝吸虫的发生率，进行[吸虫属名称]的分子鉴定，并对研究分离株进行系统发育分析以鉴定[吸虫属名称]的种类。
共检查了107头屠宰骆驼，收集肝吸虫，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行分子检测以确认[吸虫属名称]的种类。然后，对研究分离株进行测序，提交至美国国立生物技术信息中心（NCBI）数据库，并进行系统发育分析以鉴定每个研究分离株的种类。
在17.67%的骆驼中检测到肝吸虫。关于所收集蠕虫的移行阶段，幼虫（73.91%）的流行率显著高于成虫（26.09%）。关于危险因素，与穆萨纳省相比，纳杰夫省的感染发生率和风险显著更高，与成年骆驼相比，1至4岁的幼龄骆驼也是如此。尽管雌性（9.38%）和雄性（6.98%）的肝吸虫发生率差异不显著，但雌性的感染风险似乎显著高于雄性。分子检测显示，33.33%的蠕虫样本对[吸虫属名称]属中的种类呈阳性。对所有阳性PCR产物（总数=19）的系统发育分析证实，63.16%的本地[吸虫属名称]分离株与NCBI基本局部比对搜索工具（NCBI-BLAST）沙特阿拉伯[吸虫属名称]分离株相关，同一性范围为95.94%-99%；而36.84%的本地[吸虫属名称]分离株与NCBI-BLAST伊朗[吸虫属名称]分离株相关，同一性范围为97.73%-99%。
本研究发现骆驼中[吸虫属名称]的发生率为17.67%，幼虫比成虫更常见。分子分析显示，63.16%的分离株与来自沙特阿拉伯的[吸虫属名称]相关，而36.84%与来自伊朗的[吸虫属名称]匹配。幼龄骆驼和来自纳杰夫省的骆驼感染风险更高，这突出表明需要采取针对性的控制措施。
