Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq.
Department of Medical Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq.
Open Vet J. 2023 Jan;13(1):26-41. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.4. Epub 2023 Jan 7.
Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms.
This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genotyping analysis of local isolates.
According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, IHC, and PCR assays.
Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV gene. According to detect the gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasias, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions.
The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations.
牛乳头瘤病（BP）被认为是大型奶牛场最常见的健康问题。
本研究试图通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测、组织病理学、免疫组织化学（IHC）和局部分离株的基因分型分析来确认临床上疑似的 BP。
根据形态学外观和病变特征，本横断面研究将 54 头临床上诊断为 BP 的牛从 2021 年 5 月至 8 月（伊拉克瓦西特省库特区）私人兽医诊所中分配到本研究中，采用基于既定标准的目的抽样技术。牛被临床诊断，收集组织，一些固定在 10%中性缓冲福尔马林，其他组织冷冻保存，并通过组织病理学技术、IHC 和 PCR 检测进行检查。
使用 PCR 检测，所有牛均为 BPV 基因阳性。根据 基因检测，系统发育树分析显示，本地 BPV 牛分离株与 NCBI-BLAST BPV 1 型和 2 型波兰马分离株（KF284133.1）和 BPV 巴西分离株（MH187961.1）密切相关。组织学检测显示存在棘皮过度增生、过度角化、表皮增厚、单核细胞大量浸润、大量出血、真皮纤维增生、多灶性海绵状变、中度新生血管形成、向真皮中度至重度延长保留嵴、角化不良、环状钙化和核固缩、棘皮细胞坏死。肿瘤坏死因子-α、表皮生长因子受体和 Fascin 的免疫组织化学发现，真皮和表皮的免疫反应值有显著变化。这些结果从阴性（0）到轻度阳性（+1）到中度阳性（+2）不等。
本研究提供了重要的分子和基因分型数据，通过强调 IHC 作为一种检测细胞变化的优雅诊断方法的重要性，提高了我们的知识。
