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美国东南部的淡水海绵拥有独特的微生物群落,这些群落受到宿主和环境因素的影响。

Freshwater sponges in the southeastern U.S. harbor unique microbiomes that are influenced by host and environmental factors.

作者信息

Keleher Jacqueline G, Strope Taylor A, Estrada Noah E, Griggs Mathis Allison M, Easson Cole G, Fiore Cara

机构信息

Biology Department, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, United States.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2025 Jan 30;13:e18807. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18807. eCollection 2025.

Abstract

Marine, and more recently, freshwater sponges are known to harbor unique microbial symbiotic communities relative to the surrounding water; however, our understanding of the microbial ecology and diversity of freshwater sponges is vastly limited compared to those of marine sponges. Here we analyzed the microbiomes of three freshwater sponge species: , , and , across four sites in western North Carolina, U.S.A. Our results support recent work indicating that freshwater sponges indeed harbor a distinct microbiome composition compared to the surrounding water and that these varied across sampling site indicating both environmental and host factors in shaping this distinct community. We also sampled sponges at one site over 3 months and observed that divergence in the microbial community between sponge and water occurs at least several weeks after sponges emerge for the growing season and that sponges maintain a distinct community from the water as the sponge tissue degrades. Bacterial taxa within the Gammproteobacteria, Alphproteobacteria, Bacteroidota (Flavobacteriia in particular), and Verrucomicrobia, were notable as enriched in the sponge relative to the surrounding water across sponge individuals with diverging microbial communities from the water. These results add novel information on the assembly and maintenance of microbial communities in an ancient metazoan host and is one of few published studies on freshwater sponge microbial symbiont communities.

摘要

海洋海绵,以及最近发现的淡水海绵,相对于周围水体而言,都含有独特的微生物共生群落;然而,与海洋海绵相比,我们对淡水海绵微生物生态学和多样性的了解极为有限。在此,我们分析了美国北卡罗来纳州西部四个地点的三种淡水海绵物种(即[物种名称1]、[物种名称2]和[物种名称3])的微生物组。我们的研究结果支持了近期的研究工作,这些研究表明,与周围水体相比,淡水海绵确实拥有独特的微生物组组成,并且这些微生物组在不同采样地点存在差异,这表明环境和宿主因素在塑造这个独特群落中都起到了作用。我们还在一个地点对海绵进行了为期3个月的采样,观察到海绵与水体之间微生物群落的差异至少在海绵在生长季节出现后的几周才会发生,并且随着海绵组织的降解,海绵与水体之间仍保持着独特的群落。在具有与水体不同微生物群落的海绵个体中,相对于周围水体,γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、拟杆菌门(特别是黄杆菌纲)和疣微菌门中的细菌类群在海绵中显著富集。这些结果为古老后生动物宿主中微生物群落的组装和维持增添了新信息,并且是关于淡水海绵微生物共生群落的少数已发表研究之一。

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