Kavakebian Fatemeh, Rezapour Alireza, Seyedebrahimi Reihaneh, Eslami Farsani Mohsen, Jabbari Fakhr Massoumeh, Zare Jalise Saeedeh, Ababzadeh Shima
Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Feb 3;52(1):190. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10281-0.
This review focuses on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and originating from the neural crest. These cells possess a high capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Because of these traits, they represent promising sources for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and clinical applications. The objective of this study was to assess the extrinsic and intrinsic factors influencing DPSC characteristics and their potential in tissue engineering. This review discusses the external and internal factors affecting DPSC properties, including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression post extraction. Additionally, it explores the impact of the microenvironment-its composition and physical properties-and genetic and epigenetic regulation on DPSC behavior. Variations in the microenvironment and genetic regulation play pivotal roles in modulating DPSC functions, including their proliferation and differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors are key barriers to realizing the full therapeutic potential of DPSCs. A deeper understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting DPSC behavior is critical for optimizing their use in regenerative medicine, particularly for dental and craniofacial applications. Although DPSCs hold significant promise, challenges remain, and this review provides insights into the current limitations and future directions for DPSC-based therapies. Researchers and clinicians are offered a comprehensive resource for advancing the field.
本综述聚焦于牙髓干细胞（DPSCs），其属于间充质干细胞（MSCs），起源于神经嵴。这些细胞具有高度的自我更新和多向分化能力。由于这些特性，它们成为组织工程、再生医学及临床应用的有前景的细胞来源。本研究的目的是评估影响DPSC特性及其在组织工程中潜力的外在和内在因素。本综述讨论了影响DPSC特性的外部和内部因素，包括提取后细胞的增殖、迁移、分化及基因表达。此外，还探讨了微环境（其组成和物理性质）以及基因和表观遗传调控对DPSC行为的影响。微环境和基因调控的变化在调节DPSC功能（包括其增殖和分化潜能）方面起着关键作用。内在和外在因素是实现DPSC全部治疗潜力的关键障碍。深入了解影响DPSC行为的外在和内在因素对于优化其在再生医学中的应用至关重要，尤其是在牙科和颅面应用方面。尽管DPSC具有巨大潜力，但挑战依然存在，本综述为基于DPSC的治疗方法的当前局限性和未来方向提供了见解。为研究人员和临床医生推进该领域提供了全面的参考资源。
