Yaraghi Pegah, Kheyri Abbas, Mikaeili Narges, Boroumand Armin, Abbasifard Mitra, Farhangnia Pooya, Rezagholizadeh Fereshteh, Khorramdelazad Hossein
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Apr;302:140558. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140558. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
DNA vaccines are a novel form of vaccination that aims to harness genetic material to produce targeted immune responses. Nevertheless, their therapeutic application is hampered by low transfection efficacy, immunogenicity, and instability. Nanoparticle (NP) - based delivery systems are beneficial in enhancing DNA stability, increasing DNA uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and controlling antigen release. Some key progress includes the polymeric, lipid-based, and hybrid NPs and biocompatible carriers with inherent adjuvant effects. These systems have helped to enhance the antigen cross-presentation and T-cell activation significantly. In addition, biocompatible hybrid nanocarriers, antigen cross-presentation strategies, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are speeding up the identification of new antigens, while AI and machine learning are facilitating the development of efficient delivery systems. This review aims to assess how NPs have contributed to improving the effectiveness of DNA vaccines for treating diseases, cancer, and emerging diseases, as well as advancing the next generation of DNA vaccines.
DNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗，旨在利用遗传物质产生靶向免疫反应。然而，它们的治疗应用受到低转染效率、免疫原性和不稳定性的阻碍。基于纳米颗粒（NP）的递送系统有助于提高DNA稳定性、增加抗原呈递细胞（APC）对DNA的摄取并控制抗原释放。一些关键进展包括聚合物纳米颗粒、脂质纳米颗粒和混合纳米颗粒以及具有固有佐剂效应的生物相容性载体。这些系统显著增强了抗原交叉呈递和T细胞活化。此外，生物相容性混合纳米载体、抗原交叉呈递策略和下一代测序（NGS）技术正在加速新抗原的鉴定，而人工智能和机器学习则促进了高效递送系统的开发。本综述旨在评估纳米颗粒如何有助于提高DNA疫苗治疗疾病、癌症和新发疾病的有效性，以及推动下一代DNA疫苗的发展。
