College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 May 21;13:2973-2987. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S154743. eCollection 2018.
Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches in the prevention and control of disease worldwide. Oral vaccination could have wide applications if effective protection cannot be achieved through traditional (eg, parenteral) routes of vaccination. However, oral administration is hampered by the difficulties in transferring vaccines in vivo. This has led to the development of materials such as carriers with potential adjuvant effects. Considering the requirements for selecting adjuvants for oral vaccines as well as the advantages of nanoparticle/microparticle materials as immune effectors and antigen conveyors, synthetic materials could improve the efficiency of oral vaccination. In this review, nanoparticles and microparticles with adjuvant characteristics are described with regard to their potential importance for oral immunization, and some promising and successful modification strategies are summarized.
疫苗接种是全球疾病预防和控制最有效的方法之一。如果无法通过传统（例如，肠胃外）疫苗接种途径实现有效保护，口服疫苗接种可能具有广泛的应用。然而，口服给药受到将疫苗在体内传递的困难的阻碍。这导致了具有潜在佐剂作用的载体等材料的发展。考虑到选择口服疫苗佐剂的要求以及纳米颗粒/微粒材料作为免疫效应物和抗原载体的优势，合成材料可以提高口服疫苗接种的效率。在这篇综述中，描述了具有佐剂特性的纳米颗粒和微粒，因为它们对口免疫接种具有潜在的重要性，并总结了一些有前途且成功的修饰策略。
