Yousif Ghada, Murugesan Selvasankar, Djekidel Mohamed Nadhir, Terranegra Annalisa, Gentilcore Giusy, Grivel Jean Charles, Al Khodor Souhaila
Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 3;15(1):4056. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-87596-2.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis is important in reducing both short and long-term health complications. Saliva has emerged as a potential source for biomarker discovery, offering a non-invasive tool for early detection of individuals at elevated risk for CVD, yet large-scale extensive proteomic analysis using saliva for a comprehensive biomarker discovery remains limited. In an effort to develop a diagnostic tool using saliva samples, our study aims to assess the salivary and plasma proteomes in subjects with high risk of developing CVD using a large-scale proteomic approach. Leveraging on the SOMAscan platform, we analyzed 1,317 proteins in saliva and plasma collected from subjects at a high risk of CVD (HR-CVD) and compared the profiles to subjects with low risk of CVD (LR-CVD). Our analysis revealed significant differences in the plasma and salivary proteins between the two groups. Pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially detected proteins revealed that the immune system activation and extracellular matrix remodeling are the most enriched pathways in the CVD-HR group. Comparing proteomic signatures between plasma and saliva, we found approximately 42 and 17 differentially expressed proteins associated with CVD-HR uniquely expressed in plasma and saliva respectively. Additionally, we identified eight common CVD-risk biomarkers shared between both plasma and saliva, demonstrating promising diagnostic tools for identifying individuals at high risk of developing CVD. In conclusion, saliva proteomics holds a significant promise to identify subjects with a high risk to develop CVD. Further studies are needed to validate our findings.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。及时诊断对于减少短期和长期健康并发症都很重要。唾液已成为生物标志物发现的潜在来源，为早期检测CVD风险升高的个体提供了一种非侵入性工具，然而，利用唾液进行大规模广泛的蛋白质组学分析以全面发现生物标志物仍然有限。为了开发一种使用唾液样本的诊断工具，我们的研究旨在使用大规模蛋白质组学方法评估有发展为CVD高风险的受试者的唾液和血浆蛋白质组。利用SOMAscan平台，我们分析了从CVD高风险（HR-CVD）受试者收集的唾液和血浆中的1317种蛋白质，并将其谱图与CVD低风险（LR-CVD）受试者进行了比较。我们的分析揭示了两组之间血浆和唾液蛋白质存在显著差异。对差异检测到的蛋白质进行通路富集分析表明，免疫系统激活和细胞外基质重塑是CVD-HR组中最富集的通路。比较血浆和唾液之间的蛋白质组学特征，我们发现分别在血浆和唾液中独特表达的与CVD-HR相关的差异表达蛋白质约有42种和17种。此外，我们确定了血浆和唾液之间共享的八种常见CVD风险生物标志物，这为识别有发展为CVD高风险的个体展示了有前景的诊断工具。总之，唾液蛋白质组学在识别有发展为CVD高风险的受试者方面具有重要前景。需要进一步的研究来验证我们的发现。
