Su Xiangfei, Zhang Mi, Zhu Hong, Cai Jingwen, Wang Zhen, Xu Yuewei, Wang Li, Shen Chen, Cai Ming
China Association of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Shouchun Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China.
Biol Proced Online. 2025 Feb 4;27(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12575-025-00265-6.
T lymphocytes (T cells) are essential components of the adaptive immune system that play a vital role in identifying and eliminating infected and tumor cells. In tumor immunotherapy, T cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy due to their high specificity, potent cytotoxic capability, long-lasting immune memory, and adaptability within immunotherapeutic approaches. However, tumors can evade the immune system by depleting T cells through various mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptor signaling, metabolic exhaustion, and physical barriers within the tumor microenvironment. This review provided an overview of the mechanisms underlying T-cell depletion in tumors and discussed recent advances in clinical research related to T-cell immunotherapy for tumors. It highlighted the need for in-depth studies on key issues such as indications, dosage, and sequencing of combined therapeutic strategies tailored to different patients and tumor types, providing practical guidance for individualized treatment. Future research on T-cell depletion would be necessary to uncover the fundamental mechanisms and laws of T-cell depletion, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the selection and optimization of tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and international collaborative innovations are necessary for developing more effective and safer treatments for tumor patients.
T淋巴细胞（T细胞）是适应性免疫系统的重要组成部分，在识别和清除受感染细胞及肿瘤细胞方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在肿瘤免疫治疗中，T细胞因其高度特异性、强大的细胞毒性能力、持久的免疫记忆以及在免疫治疗方法中的适应性，已成为一种有前景的治疗策略。然而，肿瘤可通过多种机制耗竭T细胞来逃避免疫系统，如抑制性受体信号传导、代谢耗竭以及肿瘤微环境中的物理屏障。本综述概述了肿瘤中T细胞耗竭的潜在机制，并讨论了与肿瘤T细胞免疫治疗相关的临床研究最新进展。它强调了针对不同患者和肿瘤类型的联合治疗策略的适应证、剂量和序贯等关键问题进行深入研究的必要性，为个体化治疗提供实用指导。未来对T细胞耗竭的研究对于揭示T细胞耗竭的基本机制和规律是必要的，为肿瘤免疫治疗的选择和优化提供理论见解和实践指导。此外，跨学科、交叉学科和国际合作创新对于为肿瘤患者开发更有效、更安全的治疗方法是必要的。
