Dourado Larissa de Almeida, Dourado Paulo Magno Martins, Oliveira Jaciara Gomes de, Silva Evandra Maria da, Dourado João Paulo de Almeida, Braga Pedro Gabriel Senger
Clínica Pró-Coração, São Paulo, SP - Brasil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2025 Jan;122(1):e20240435. doi: 10.36660/abc.20240435.
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of physical activity on heart rate (HR) recovery, after treadmill exercise testing, in asymptomatic adults, with and without familial risk factors (FR) for cardiovascular disease. Two hundred and fifty (250) adults of both sexes aged 18 to 59 years were included in the study. None of the participants had a history of cardiovascular disease or used medications for chronic diseases. All individuals underwent exercise testing using the Ellestad protocol. Delta values were calculated by subtracting peak HR from HR in the first, second, fourth, and sixth minutes of recovery. The family history of cardiovascular disease and physical activity were documented. For statistical analysis, ANOVA was performed, followed by Bonferroni or Kruskall-Wallis multiple comparisons, followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons. The delta values at the first, second, fourth, and sixth minutes of recovery were lower in individuals who did not engage in physical activity and had no family cardiovascular risk factor, compared to those who were physically active and had no family risk factor. No differences in delta values were observed between physically active individuals with cardiovascular risk factors and physically inactive individuals with a family history at the time points studied. In individuals without a family risk factor, physical activity appears to enhance autonomic control, increasing the capacity to reduce HR after exercise. However, this effect was not evident in those with a family risk factor, as physical activity did not impact recovery HR.
本研究的目的是调查在跑步机运动试验后，身体活动对无症状成年人静息心率恢复的影响，这些成年人有或没有心血管疾病的家族风险因素（FR）。该研究纳入了250名年龄在18至59岁之间的成年男女。所有参与者均无心血管疾病史，也未使用治疗慢性病的药物。所有个体均按照埃尔斯塔德方案进行运动试验。通过用恢复第1、2、4和6分钟时的心率减去峰值心率来计算差值。记录心血管疾病家族史和身体活动情况。进行统计分析时，先进行方差分析，然后进行Bonferroni或Kruskal-Wallis多重比较，接着进行邓恩多重比较。与有身体活动且无家族心血管危险因素的个体相比，不进行身体活动且无家族心血管危险因素的个体在恢复第1、2、4和6分钟时的差值较低。在研究的时间点上，有心血管危险因素的身体活动个体与有家族病史的身体不活动个体之间的差值未观察到差异。在无家族危险因素的个体中，身体活动似乎能增强自主控制能力，提高运动后降低心率的能力。然而，在有家族危险因素的个体中，这种效果并不明显，因为身体活动并未影响静息心率恢复。
