Gilroy Ève A M, Robichaud Karyn, Villella Maria, Chan Kara, McNabney David W G, Venier Carmen, Pham-Ho Victor, Montreuil Strub Émilie C, Ravary Shelby A, Prosser Ryan S, Robinson Stacey A
Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada.
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Feb;32(9):5186-5199. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36019-w. Epub 2025 Feb 5.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical identified as a vertebrate endocrine disruptor. Numerous alternatives have been developed, for which toxicity data are lacking. The present study assessed the toxicity of BPA and its replacement products bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) in freshwater snail (Planorbella pilsbryi) embryos and adults. The chronic toxicity of BPA and BPAF was further characterized in 28-day tests with adult snails, followed by 21-day assessments of hatching and survival of embryos produced at the end of the test (F1 generation). In acute tests, BPAF was the most toxic of the substances tested (maximum acceptable toxicant concentration [MATC], 136 µg/L), followed by BPA (MATC, 1404 µg/L), BPF (MATC, 1525 µg/L), and BPS (MATC > 8590 µg/L). In the chronic test with BPA, although we observed no significant effects on adult snails up to 479 µg/L, the hatching and survival of juveniles from the F1 generation decreased (MATC, 13 µg/L), and was delayed by 7.5 days, on average. In contrast, we did not observe any decrease in hatching or survival of juveniles from the F1 generation during exposure to BPAF. Effects were observed at concentrations above most reported environmental exposure concentrations, although there was an overlap between exposure and effect concentrations. Given that concentrations of alternative substances are expected to increase, and in the absence of data on potential effects of mixtures, further research is needed.
双酚A（BPA）是一种被认定为脊椎动物内分泌干扰物的工业化学品。现已开发出众多替代品，但缺乏有关其毒性的数据。本研究评估了双酚A及其替代产品双酚F（BPF）、双酚S（BPS）和双酚AF（BPAF）对淡水螺（梨形环棱螺）胚胎和成虫的毒性。通过对成年螺进行为期28天的试验，进一步表征了双酚A和双酚AF的慢性毒性，随后对试验结束时产生的胚胎（F1代）的孵化和存活情况进行了为期21天的评估。在急性试验中，双酚AF是所测试物质中毒性最大的（最大可接受毒物浓度[MATC]，136微克/升），其次是双酚A（MATC，1404微克/升）、双酚F（MATC，1525微克/升）和双酚S（MATC>8590微克/升）。在双酚A的慢性试验中，尽管在高达479微克/升的浓度下，我们未观察到对成年螺有显著影响，但F1代幼体的孵化和存活率下降（MATC，13微克/升），平均延迟了7.5天。相比之下，在接触双酚AF期间，我们未观察到F1代幼体的孵化或存活率有任何下降。尽管暴露浓度和效应浓度之间存在重叠，但在高于大多数报告的环境暴露浓度时观察到了效应。鉴于替代物质的浓度预计会增加，且缺乏关于混合物潜在影响的数据，因此需要进一步开展研究。
