Marchal Paul, Giraldo Carolina, Johns David, Lefebvre Sébastien, Loots Christophe, Toomey Lola
Channel and North Sea Fisheries Research Unit, Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Boulogne s/mer, France.
The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 5;20(2):e0310388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310388. eCollection 2025.
We have investigated phenological shifts in autumn- and winter-spawning Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Eastern English Channel and the Southern North Sea (Downs component), in relation to temperature and the availability of potential zooplanktonic prey (Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus helgolandicus, Temora longicornis). A two-tiered approach building on the monthly distribution of commercial herring landings was developed, which consisted of, (1) calculating the timing and duration of spawning season based on estimated deviations from basic harmonic signals and, (2) analysing their inter-annual variations in relation to biotic (zooplankton abundance) and abiotic (temperature) environmental variables through time series analyses. The start, midpoint and ending of herring spawning season were increasingly delayed over the period 1999-2021, a process which was correlated with the abundance of Calanus finmarchicus. The resulting duration of spawning season slightly decreased. Direct effects of sea temperatures on any phenological metrics could not be clearly evidenced. Different ecological processes were likely involved in the start and ending of spawning season. Additional covariates (including size/age composition, the biotic and abiotic factors other than those examined in our study) could contribute to a better explanation of the phenological drift in Downs herring spawning.
我们研究了东英吉利海峡和南北海唐斯区域秋季和冬季产卵的大西洋鲱（Clupea harengus）的物候变化，及其与温度和潜在浮游动物猎物（飞马哲水蚤、赫氏哲水蚤、长角哲水蚤）可获得性之间的关系。我们基于商业鲱鱼上岸量的月度分布，开发了一种两层方法，该方法包括：（1）根据与基本谐波信号的估计偏差计算产卵季节的时间和持续时间；（2）通过时间序列分析，分析其与生物（浮游动物丰度）和非生物（温度）环境变量的年际变化。在1999年至2021年期间，鲱鱼产卵季节的开始、中点和结束时间越来越晚，这一过程与飞马哲水蚤的丰度相关。产卵季节的持续时间略有缩短。海水温度对任何物候指标的直接影响尚无明确证据。产卵季节的开始和结束可能涉及不同的生态过程。其他协变量（包括大小/年龄组成以及我们研究中未考察的生物和非生物因素）可能有助于更好地解释唐斯鲱鱼产卵的物候漂移。
