Shimodawa Mirei, Okamoto Reiko, Miyamoto Keiko, Koide Keiko, Kageyama Masako
Former Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences.
Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Health Sciences.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2025 Jun 23;72(6):408-418. doi: 10.11236/jph.24-054. Epub 2025 Feb 4.
Objectives Public health nurses (PHNs) are necessary in introducing evidence-based health programs to address various health challenges. This study aimed to identify the factors related to PHNs' ability to implement programs across different career-level groups.Methods A self-administered questionnaire was administered to PHNs working in prefectures or cities with public health centers. PHNs were categorized into three career-level groups based on their seniority and position; novice with ≥ 5 years of experience, no-position with ≥ 6 years of experience without a position, and with-position with ≥ 6 years of experience holding a position. Simple regression analysis was conducted using the Implementation Degree Assessment Sheet (Okamoto et al., 2022; IDAS) score as the dependent variable and experience in developing new projects, learning experiences, horizontal development exposure, and PHNs' competency scale scores as independent variables. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with the IDAS score as the dependent variable and statistically significant variables in the simple regression analysis as the independent variables. The competency measurement scales used were the Professional Development Scale (PDS), Reflective Practice Skill Scale (RPS), and Research Utilization Competency Scale (RUC).Results We obtained 702 out of 966 valid responses (72.7%). The overall mean IDAS scores was 115.7; 107.6 for novice PHNs, 111.3 for no-position PHNs, and 119.6 for with-position PHNs. Multiple regression analysis revealed that RPS and PDS scores contributed to novice and with-position PHNs' abilities. Additionally, "recognition of the importance of horizontal development: agree" significantly influenced novice PHNs' ability, whereas RUC score contributed to with-position PHNs' ability. RUC scores and recognition of the current implementation of horizontal development significantly contributed to the ability of No-position PHNs.Conclusion For improving PHNs' program implementation abilities, novice PHNs should focus on reflective practices, improve professional knowledge and skills, acquire knowledge and competence in program implementation, and improve understanding of its importance. Moreover, no-position PHNs must collect, examine, and use information, such as recent research findings. With-position PHNs must continuously improve their skills and apply them comprehensively in management and program implementation. These findings underscore the importance of tailored program implementation training for each career level, providing opportunities to reflect on practice and one's own activities, and assessing the level of mastery.
目标 公共卫生护士对于引入循证健康项目以应对各种健康挑战至关重要。本研究旨在确定与不同职业级别组别的公共卫生护士实施项目能力相关的因素。
方法 对在设有公共卫生中心的县或市工作的公共卫生护士进行了自填式问卷调查。根据公共卫生护士的资历和职位将其分为三个职业级别组；工作经验≥5年的新手、工作经验≥6年但无职位的无职位者以及工作经验≥6年且有职位的有职位者。以实施程度评估表（冈本等人，2022年；IDAS）得分作为因变量，以开发新项目的经验、学习经历、横向发展接触情况以及公共卫生护士的能力量表得分作为自变量进行简单回归分析。以IDAS得分作为因变量，以简单回归分析中有统计学意义的变量作为自变量进行逐步多元回归分析。所使用的能力测量量表为专业发展量表（PDS）、反思实践技能量表（RPS）和研究利用能力量表（RUC）。
结果 在966份有效问卷中我们获得了702份回复（72.7%）。IDAS总平均分是115.7；新手公共卫生护士为107.6，无职位公共卫生护士为111.3，有职位公共卫生护士为119.6。多元回归分析显示，RPS和PDS得分有助于新手和有职位公共卫生护士提升能力。此外，“对横向发展重要性的认识：同意”对新手公共卫生护士的能力有显著影响，而RUC得分有助于有职位公共卫生护士提升能力。RUC得分以及对当前横向发展实施情况的认识对无职位公共卫生护士的能力有显著贡献。
结论 为提高公共卫生护士的项目实施能力，新手公共卫生护士应注重反思实践，提升专业知识和技能，获取项目实施方面的知识和能力，并提高对其重要性的认识。此外，无职位公共卫生护士必须收集、审查和利用诸如近期研究结果等信息。有职位公共卫生护士必须不断提升技能并将其全面应用于管理和项目实施中。这些发现强调了针对每个职业级别进行量身定制的项目实施培训的重要性，提供反思实践和自身活动的机会，并评估掌握程度。
