Qiu Chao-Chao, Lin Xiao-Qing, Zhang Qiang, Chen Ya-Long, Su Xiao-Qiao, Zhang Ming-Ying, Zhu Le-Fei, Lin Zhi-Ruo, Cheng Fang, Xie Shang-Ren, Shi Ji-Chan, Jiang Xian-Gao
Department of Infectious Diseases, Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
Department of Cardiology, Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 5;25(1):173. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10509-1.
The number of patients experiencing re-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is progressively increasing. In this study, we aimed to explore the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with primary infection and those with re-infection of SARS-CoV-2.
A retrospective data analysis was conducted involving patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 between April 1, 2023, and June 20, 2023. The patients were categorized into two groups: the observation group, consisting of individuals re-infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the control group, comprising those with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A total of 905 (905/1025) patients were included in the study, with 407 in the observation group and 498 in the control group. The top three clinical symptoms in both groups were fever, cough with expectoration, and dizziness with fatigue (p < 0.001). The clinical classification of patients in the observation group primarily consisted of non-severe cases (p < 0.001). The proportion of hospitalized patients was lower in the observation group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The observation group exhibited a shorter clinical symptom recovery time than that did the control group (median, 5 days vs. 7 days, Log rank p<0.001, HR = 1.907(95% CI 1.669-2.178).
Patients experiencing SARS-CoV-2 re-infection were primarily classified as non-severe cases, with lower proportions of occurrence of severe and rare critical conditions. The severity was milder compared to that in patients with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.
感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）后再次感染的患者数量正在逐渐增加。在本研究中，我们旨在探讨初次感染SARS-CoV-2的患者与再次感染的患者在临床特征上的差异。
对2023年4月1日至2023年6月20日期间诊断为新型冠状病毒肺炎的患者进行回顾性数据分析。患者分为两组：观察组，由再次感染SARS-CoV-2的个体组成；对照组，由初次感染SARS-CoV-2的个体组成。
本研究共纳入905例（905/1025）患者，其中观察组407例，对照组498例。两组最常见的三种临床症状为发热、咳痰咳嗽和头晕伴乏力（p<0.001）。观察组患者的临床分型主要为非重症病例（p<0.001）。观察组住院患者的比例低于对照组（p<0.001）。观察组的临床症状恢复时间比对照组短（中位数，5天对7天，对数秩检验p<0.001，HR=1.907（95%CI 1.669-2.178））。
再次感染SARS-CoV-2的患者主要分类为非重症病例，严重和罕见危重症的发生率较低。与初次感染SARS-CoV-2的患者相比，病情较轻。
