Nakhshab Mahbubeh, Asgary Ali, Ahmadi Akram
Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Feb 5;13(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02421-9.
Pragmatic language assessment is a necessary component of evaluation in language impairments. Some procedures are applied to assess pragmatic abilities in childhood. Parent-report questionnaires are among the most useful instruments for evaluating pragmatics in real situations. This study aimed to translate and adapt the Language Use Inventory (LUI) into Persian and examine its psychometric properties.
It was a methodological and cross-sectional study. We pursued the steps of translation and adaptation of this questionnaire into Persian according to a standard guideline. Then, 348 parents/caregivers of three groups of children consisting of typically developing (TD), late-talking children, and ones with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 18-47-month-old Persian-speaking children completed the adapted version of the LUI. The participants were recruited into study by convenience sampling. Next, different psychometric properties including item analysis, validity (content, face, and construct), and reliability (test-retest and internal consistency) were investigated.
Translation, adaptation, and item analysis led to the deletion of 7 Items. Differential validity for age revealed the noticeably different performance among different age groups (p < 0.001). Also, Given the clinical validity, TD and ASD children performed differently in this measure(p < 0.001). In addition, the evidence of the discriminant validity was confirmed by a significant difference between TD and late-talking children (p < 0.001). Concurrent validity was also established by a moderate and positive value of the correlation between total scores of the LUI-Persian and Newsha developmental scale (r = 0.54, p = 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that the Language Use Inventory-Persian had 2 factors of verbal and nonverbal use of language. Also, the evidence for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was attained (all the values of factor load were higher than 0.40). The internal consistency (α = 0.99) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.97) proved adequate values.
The Language Use Inventory-Persian with 173 items revealed the acceptable psychometric attributes for assessing pragmatics in 18-47-month-old Persian-speaking children; however, for screening pragmatic impairments, it may need further studies on clinical populations with a larger sample size to see whether the LUI items are appropriate or possible changes in the items are required.
语用语言评估是语言障碍评估的必要组成部分。一些程序被用于评估儿童期的语用能力。家长报告问卷是评估实际情境中语用能力最有用的工具之一。本研究旨在将语言使用量表（LUI）翻译成波斯语并进行改编，同时检验其心理测量学特性。
这是一项方法学横断面研究。我们按照标准指南将该问卷翻译成波斯语并进行改编。然后，348名18至47个月大说波斯语儿童的家长/照顾者，他们分属于三组儿童，分别是发育正常（TD）儿童、说话较晚儿童以及患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的儿童，完成了改编后的LUI。参与者通过便利抽样纳入研究。接下来，研究了不同的心理测量学特性，包括项目分析、效度（内容效度、表面效度和结构效度）和信度（重测信度和内部一致性）。
翻译、改编和项目分析导致删除了7个项目。年龄差异效度显示不同年龄组之间表现出显著差异（p < 0.001）。此外，考虑到临床效度，TD儿童和ASD儿童在该测量中表现不同（p < 0.001）。此外，TD儿童和说话较晚儿童之间的显著差异证实了区分效度的证据（p < 0.001）。LUI - 波斯语总分与纽莎发育量表之间的相关性为中等正值（r = 0.54，p = 0.01），也确立了同时效度。探索性因素分析（EFA）表明，波斯语语言使用量表有语言的言语和非言语使用两个因素。此外，获得了验证性因素分析（CFA）的证据（所有因素负荷值均高于0.40）。内部一致性（α = 0.99）和重测信度（r = 0.97）证明是合适的值。
有173个项目的波斯语语言使用量表显示出可接受的心理测量学属性，可用于评估说波斯语的18至47个月大儿童的语用能力；然而，对于筛查语用障碍，可能需要对更大样本量的临床人群进行进一步研究，以确定LUI项目是否合适或是否需要对项目进行可能的修改。
