Liu Rui, Zhao Meiting, Zhang Xin, Zhang Chaojun, Ren Binqiao, Ma Jing
Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China.
Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2025 Feb 6:1-19. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2025.2460751.
Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MIECSs) are a specialized class of sensors based on molecularly imprinted derivative materials (MIDPs), which have been extensively applied in environmental monitoring, biomedicine, and food safety, allowing for high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting target molecules. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the most innovative and successful nanomaterials employed for modifying imprinted polymers, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing sensor performance, including carbon-based nanomaterials, meal derivatives, magnetic nanomaterials, polymeric and composite nanomaterials. In addition to reviewing advances in derivative materials design, this article delves into the current challenges facing molecularly imprinted sensors, such as issues related to template removal, nonspecific binding, and fabrication reproducibility. These challenges limit the practical application of MIECSs, particularly in complex real-world environments. The review also discusses representative applications of these sensors, including environmental monitoring, biomedicine and food safety, which demonstrate their versatility and potential. Finally, the review outlines future research directions aimed at overcoming these challenges. This includes strategies for improving the stability and reusability of MIECSs, enhancing their selectivity and sensitivity, and developing novel imprinting techniques. By addressing these issues, researchers can pave the way for the next generation of electrochemical sensors, which will be more robust, reliable, and suitable for a wide range of industrial and clinical applications.
分子印迹电化学传感器（MIECSs）是一类基于分子印迹衍生材料（MIDPs）的特殊传感器，已广泛应用于环境监测、生物医药和食品安全领域，能够在检测目标分子时实现高选择性和高灵敏度。本综述深入探讨了用于修饰印迹聚合物的最具创新性和成功性的纳米材料，突出了它们在提升传感器性能方面的关键作用，包括碳基纳米材料、金属衍生物、磁性纳米材料、聚合物及复合纳米材料。除了回顾衍生材料设计方面的进展，本文还深入探讨了分子印迹传感器当前面临的挑战，如与模板去除、非特异性结合和制备重现性相关的问题。这些挑战限制了分子印迹电化学传感器的实际应用，尤其是在复杂的现实环境中。综述还讨论了这些传感器的代表性应用，包括环境监测、生物医药和食品安全，展示了它们的多功能性和潜力。最后，综述概述了旨在克服这些挑战的未来研究方向。这包括提高分子印迹电化学传感器稳定性和可重复使用性的策略、增强其选择性和灵敏度以及开发新型印迹技术。通过解决这些问题，研究人员可为下一代电化学传感器铺平道路，使其更坚固、可靠且适用于广泛的工业和临床应用。
