Andersson L
Soc Sci Med. 1985;20(4):355-64. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90010-3.
An intervention program, based on an interpretation of everyday loneliness as consisting of two parts--emotional and social estrangement--is discussed. The main variables were availability of a confidant, social comparison and personal control (the CCC-design). The intervention took the form of small group meetings. The sample consisted of elderly women living in Stockholm and interviews were held before, and 6 months after participation in the program. Results showed that subjects had less feelings of loneliness, and also less feelings of meaninglessness, more social contacts, higher self-esteem, greater ability to trust and lower blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) after the intervention. Analyses showed that women with several years of adult employment on the same job experienced the greatest decrease in feelings of loneliness. Also, women who had had much contact with their grandparents, and women who had experienced a serious or protracted illness in the family during childhood, had the greatest decline in blood pressure. It was concluded that change in blood pressure operates through some other mechanism than the one which effects feelings of loneliness. Finally, a model is presented for distinguishing between different levels of intimacy.
本文讨论了一个干预项目，该项目基于将日常孤独感理解为包含情感和社交疏离两个部分。主要变量包括知己的可得性、社会比较和个人控制（即CCC设计）。干预采取小组会议的形式。样本由居住在斯德哥尔摩的老年女性组成，并在参与项目前和参与项目6个月后进行了访谈。结果显示，干预后受试者的孤独感减少，无意义感也减少，社交联系增多，自尊增强，信任能力提高，血压（收缩压和舒张压）降低。分析表明，在同一工作岗位上有多年成年工作经历的女性孤独感下降幅度最大。此外，与祖父母有大量接触的女性，以及童年时期家庭中经历过严重或长期疾病的女性，血压下降幅度最大。研究得出结论，血压变化是通过与影响孤独感的机制不同的其他机制起作用的。最后，提出了一个区分不同亲密程度水平的模型。
