Li Chuanfa, Ye Qian, Wang Jiaqi, Huang Xinlin, Song Tianbing, Zhang Kun, Li Pengzhou, Zhang Yanan, Gong Xiaocheng, Jiang Yi, Gao Yue, Peng Huisheng, Wang Bingjie
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Dec 31;12(3):nwae480. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae480. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Ultrathin lithium (Li) metal wires with tunable capacities have great promise for precise prelithiation of fiber anodes and high-energy-density Li-based fiber batteries. However, the application of Li metal in fiber batteries faces great challenges due to its mechanical fragility and the resulting limited micro-dimension manufacturing capability. These challenges impede the production of ultrathin Li wires with adjustable Li contents to match the capacities of Li-based fiber batteries. Herein, silver-plated aramid yarns (Ag/AYs) are employed to load Li metal for producing ultrathin Li wires. The bundled structure of Ag/AYs leads to the adjustable volume of oriented voids within the fibers, thus resulting in accurately tunable capacities (0.0048-2.4 mAh cm) and diameters (20-534 μm) of Li wires. Such thin Li wires are used to precisely compensate for Li loss during the formation cycle of the fiber graphite anodes, thereby improving the initial Coulombic efficiency from ∼88% to ∼100%. Additionally, when employed as anodes, these Li wires enabled the fiber batteries to exhibit exceptional cycling stability for 150 cycles under a relatively low negative/positive ratio of 2.06, while achieving a high energy density of 139.822 Wh kg based on the total mass of the battery.
具有可调容量的超薄锂（Li）金属线对于纤维阳极的精确预锂化和高能量密度的锂基纤维电池具有巨大潜力。然而，锂金属在纤维电池中的应用面临巨大挑战，因为其机械脆性以及由此导致的有限的微尺寸制造能力。这些挑战阻碍了生产具有可调节锂含量以匹配锂基纤维电池容量的超薄锂线。在此，采用镀银芳纶纱（Ag/AYs）来负载锂金属以生产超薄锂线。Ag/AYs的束状结构导致纤维内部定向空隙的体积可调，从而使锂线的容量（0.0048 - 2.4 mAh cm）和直径（20 - 534μm）能够精确调节。这种细锂线用于精确补偿纤维石墨阳极形成循环过程中的锂损失，从而将初始库仑效率从约88%提高到约100%。此外，当用作阳极时，这些锂线使纤维电池在相对较低的负/正比为2.06的情况下能够表现出150次循环的出色循环稳定性，同时基于电池的总质量实现了139.822 Wh kg的高能量密度。
