Al-Leimon Obada, Shihadeh Hani, Yousef Ahmad Ayman, Khraim Anas, Siwwad Rizeq
School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan *Email:
Qatar Med J. 2024 Dec 24;2024(4):56. doi: 10.5339/qmj.2024.56. eCollection 2024.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious pathogen known for causing respiratory tract infections, particularly among pediatric and elderly patients. Its ability to induce outbreaks in both community and hospital settings underscores its substantial health burden. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of RSV, including its biological and clinical aspects.
A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles. Key topics included RSV virology, epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, management approaches, and preventive strategies.
This review encompasses the taxonomy and structure of RSV, including its genome and proteins. Various strains and their dominance patterns, alongside pathogenesis mechanisms, are explored. Diagnostic techniques such as nucleic acid amplification tests are discussed for their efficacy and accessibility. Supportive care remains the primary treatment, with antiviral therapies playing a limited role. Monoclonal antibody immunization and vaccination efforts offer promising avenues for RSV prevention. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV epidemiology is also considered, along with the oncolytic potential of RSV in cancer treatment.
Advancements in understanding RSV virology, epidemiology, and clinical management have paved the way for improved diagnostic and preventive strategies. However, challenges remain in ensuring widespread access to diagnostics and effective treatments, particularly in resource-limited settings. Continued research and global collaboration are essential for addressing the ongoing impact of RSV and reducing its burden on public health.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是一种具有高度传染性的病原体，以引起呼吸道感染而闻名，尤其是在儿科和老年患者中。它在社区和医院环境中引发疫情的能力凸显了其巨大的健康负担。本综述旨在全面了解RSV，包括其生物学和临床方面。
通过检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中的相关文章，对文献进行了全面综述。关键主题包括RSV病毒学、流行病学、临床发现、诊断方法、管理方法和预防策略。
本综述涵盖了RSV的分类学和结构，包括其基因组和蛋白质。探讨了各种毒株及其优势模式，以及发病机制。讨论了核酸扩增试验等诊断技术的有效性和可及性。支持性护理仍然是主要治疗方法，抗病毒疗法的作用有限。单克隆抗体免疫和疫苗接种工作为预防RSV提供了有希望的途径。还考虑了COVID-19大流行对RSV流行病学的影响，以及RSV在癌症治疗中的溶瘤潜力。
在理解RSV病毒学、流行病学和临床管理方面的进展为改进诊断和预防策略铺平了道路。然而，在确保广泛获得诊断和有效治疗方面仍存在挑战，特别是在资源有限的环境中。持续的研究和全球合作对于应对RSV的持续影响和减轻其对公共卫生的负担至关重要。
